Focus On Voluntary Turnover Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1889 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Shortest definition of organizational politics could be termed as unsanctioned influence attempts that seek to promote self-interest at the expense of objectives, goals and growth of an organization. Cropanzano and Grandey, in press; Drory and Romm, 1990; Ferris, Frink, Beehr and Gilmore, 1995; Ferris and Kacmar, 1992; Ferris and Judge, 1991; Ferris, Russ and Fandt, 1989; Kacmar and Ferris, 1993). Organizational politics is a subjective experience and state of mind which cannot be measured exclusively on objective state (Gandz and Murray, 1980). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Focus On Voluntary Turnover Business Essay" essay for you Create order According to Gerald R, Farris (1992) mentioned that perception of organizational politics influenced by organizational, environmental and personal factors in turn influences organizational outcomes such as job involvement, job anxiety, job satisfaction and physical and psychological withdrawal from the current working organization. Organizational politics perception also could be due to variability on job, age, sex education as well as the hierarchal level in an organization resulting impacts in job satisfaction, anxiety, employee promotions. In the same way other causes could be job environment influences (Graen, Novak and Sommerkamp, 1982), wok group cohesion (Price and Muller, 1986), span of control (Ferris, 1990), Feedback and advancement opportunities (Ferris, Frink, Galang, et al, 1996). Every organization have human resource with a different age, income, education, gender and hierarchal level, and they all respond or participate differently in the organization politics, so we can say that status level, economic conditions and personalities are effects the organizational decisions (Vigoda, 2000). Employees with a low hierarchal level think that organizational policies are the main source of unjustified decisions and employees frustration and these unfair decisions and frustration simulates negative and unhealthy attitude (Vigoda, 2000). For the top level of organizational human resource, organizational politics works as centrifugal force which pushes them to physical withdrawal and they find a new job place which they think or perceive less political. So we can clearly understand that organizational politics strongly correlated with the organization commitment. Bozeman (1996) and also depicts that this relation cab be a negative relationship. Every organization provides some rules and policies for employees who are engage in political behavior for guidance. In the organizations where these rules are not available to prescribe how to act, there are m ore chances of the occurrence of political activity. In the circumstances where rules and policies are not defined and available for the guidance of employees then circumstances allow individuals to define a situation and fit their own wants and needs. This redesign of situation is often called political behavior. (Kacmar, 1995). Ferris et al (1989) and Fandt, and Ferris (1990)found that, political behaviors are found more in the organization where uncertain conditions and ambiguity exist in work place. According to Ferris (1992) job autonomy, job variety, and feedback can be a helpful tool to reduce uncertain condition from the work place, low uncertain environment leads to reduce political activities in the organization and provide healthy space to achieve organizational goals. According to Daft, 1989. Job autonomy and low variety of tasks could be helpful factors to reduce political situation and environment. Ferris et al 1989 identified that age, gender, tenure, race play very vital role in perception of organizational politics, human resource with a different demographics sound differently in the way to organizational politics. Mintzberg (1983, 1985) identify another important factor of organization politics which is Formulization, organizations who are highly formalized, they have very less rate of organizational political activities. It is also an outcome from the research of Mintzberg (1979) which tell us political activities are lowest in highly formulized organization. According to Mintzberg (1979) he indicates that professional organizations have more political environment then other organizations. Ferris also highlighted the same points and fact in his researches that opportunities (Smith et al, 1962) also reduce the political situation or political behavior from the organization and organizational opportunities have negative relation with organizational politics and peoples involved more in politics when they see they have lesser opportun ities of growth and betterment. According to (Madison et al, 1980; Ferris and Buckley, 1990) employees performance is linked with the employees promotion and if the organizational decisions regarding promotion are fair and transparent the ratio of politics in organization at very lower level. Employees promotions is also a most essential and basic ingredient of organizational politics. Every employee in the organization have a different personality so personality traits also an important factor of organizational politics Machiavellianism. According to Cropanzano in 1997 he found that there are so many other factors of organizational politics which could be countless. In the organization where politics exists, there employees think that they are working hard and their hard work will not be rewarded properly, timely and consistently. Since Employees think that power is a key to success and more powerful employees and groups and affiliation with these groups provide more benefits to the employees. In these situations employees have options to quit or withdrawal, (Mobley, 1977) stated in his study, withdrawal process means, the process in which employee want to quit from the organization if a person dissatisfied from the organization he will be start thinking about the switching of job and think about leaving the organization. (Mobley, 1977) these withdrawals could be physical and psychological. In physical withdrawal peoples quit the organization and another one or physically withdraw their self from organization and in the case of psychological withdrawal is quit different with the physical withdrawal, in psychological withdrawal process employees mentally unable to present their self on the work place and do add any value in his or her job responsibilities and they spend lot of time in day dreaming and detracted others and also involved in non productive works. So we can infer that Psychological withdrawal positively correlated with the organizations politic es. (Ferris et al, 1993; Randall et al, 1994). Similarly as Ferris et al, 1993 also depicts that organizational politics have a positive relationship with the employees turnover intentions. This situation could be happen where employees become more isolated and do save themselves from political situations then they take a step towards turnover.(Price, 1977) Turnover means the ratio of the number of employees quit from the organization during the period and divided these employees by average number of employee in the organization during the period (Price, 1977). This research focus on voluntary turnover means turnover from the side of employees. Turnover intentions are the inclination or the attitude of the mind. If the organization noticed that the employee are having attitude of turnover the organization must find out the problem, because these problems making a mind of employees towards quitting. (Wanous, 1979). Organizational commitments, turnover intention and job satisfactio n are interlinked with each others, but according to study, organizational commitments had strong relationship with turnover intention, though the employees satisfaction are directly related with the turnover intention, unsatisfied employee always searching new and better opportunities.(Peters, Bhagat, OConnor 1981) and all kind of organizations are focusing on these problems and take it seriously to reduce the turnover ratio from their organizations (Lucas, Parasuraman, Davis Enis, 1987). Another point of view which was presented by Pfeffer (1981) about organizational politics is organizational politics can be use for the improvement of an organizations processes. Pfeffer (1981) also argued that organizational politics also helps organization in betterment of processes, execution of plan, implementation of new strategies and for running of business. Employees who are skillful in doing politics they can get maximum rewards in his professional career and get maximum benefits fro m his or her organization.(Wayne Farris, 1990). According to Pfeffer (1989) he further suggest that political focus is very much important perspective in sympathetic of career growth. He also found that lower levels of employees are highly involved in job rotation or turnover. 2.1.1.1 Impacts of Organizational Politics on Employees Physical and Psychological Health. Here it is very much important to understand the impact of perception of organization politics on the employees physical and psychological health because organizational politics creates number of problems for the organizations human resource. In this regards many researchers explore relationship between organizational politics and employees health physical or psychological. Organizations where higher level of political environment exist, it will increase or generates the level of stress in employees (Valle Perrewe, 2000) and it will also increase level of tension for the organizational human resource and this will creates anxiety anxiety (Ferris, Frink, Galang, Zhou, Kacmar, Howard 1996) job and somatic tension and level of employees energy is low in these circumstances (Cropanzano, 1997). Political environment effect overall productivity of an employee and political situations are also creates conflicts between employees and organization. Similarly tiredness and burnouts creates number of problems which are known as physical problems like headaches, backaches, lingering colds, gastrointestinal, etc (Maslach and Jackson, 1981). The basic out come of organizational politics is work stress. Work stress is subjective feeling of an employees which can be take place when employees feels that he or she do not have sufficient capabilities to perform and complete the organizational work and task and he feels he unable to achieve his or her goals and objectives. (Folkman Lazarus, 1991; Edwards, 1992). Work stress drops negative impact on the employees performance as well as organization and economy performance because these all things are inter linked with each other. Due to work stress organizations face number of costs like wastage of time, reduction in production processes, physical accidents and in the shape of lost (Ganster and Schaubroeck, 1991; Holley and Frye, 1989; Joure, Leon, Simpson, Holley and Frye, 1989; Minter, 1991; Murphy, 1988) and these all mo tives also indicates work stress and organizational politics. If employees feel or perceived, organization have political environment or politics involved in every matter of organization and also involved in decision making process of an organization then employees reports low resistant power, work tension, general health problem and negative attitude (Cropanzano, 1997). Cropanzano mentions in latest book that, organizational politics badly effects on the organizational formal decisions and politics involved in organizational formal decisions then the decisions are tend not be transparent and this non transparency pushes the employees towards turnover intention and mental withdrawal. Non transparency of decision also increase stress level of employees because employees are unable to execute their decisions as they thought and plan. Political environment and stress will also creates uncertain conditions and situations and politics and stress also involved how peoples understand un certain situations and where necessary actions can be taken for the removal of politics and come out from stress (Cropanzano, R., Li, A. in press). Some researchers describe stress, it is internal resistance power of peoples in which they under estimate their self against demands and they think these demands are exceeded from their capacities, some others researcher depicts that Politics as Stress (Dipboye Foster, 2002). Kahn and Byosiere (1992) categories the responses which will be the creation of stress, according to him there are three kind of responses or outcome of stress, physiological, psychological, and behavioral. Stress damages peoples physically in reduce their physical strength, physical outcome of stress involve, high blood pressure, high heart rates, and high cholesterol level (Fried, Rowland, Ferris, 1984) here the researcher mentioned very limited outcomes but these should be more then these. Psychological outcomes of stress involved anxiety, burnout, confusio n, depression, job dissatisfaction, health problems, and fatigue (Beehr, Walsh, Taber, 1976; Cooper Roden, 1985; Davidson Cooper, 1986; Fisher, 1985; Kobasa, 1982). At the last but not the least final outcome of stress is behavioral damages like absence at work, late arrivals, negative attitude, early going, low motivation level, low work productivity counterproductive behavior, job performance, turnover, and drug use on the job9192 (Blau, 1981; Mangione Quinn, 1975).

Case Study for Trap Ease America (Marketing) - 967 Words

Case Study: Trap ­Ease America 1. Trap ­ Ease only has a once ­in ­a ­lifetime opportunity because the investors see that this product has big potential since the idea is great. The investors saw the product and automatically saw that people would buy it since it is such an easy and clean solution to something associated with messy and violent. The information needed to evaluate the opportunity is the study of the market, competitors, and other products. Also, the awards and buzz surrounding the Trap ­Ease also helped the investors see this as a high potential. The positioning of Trap ­Ease is centered around dead mice and the product. They really value their product and want to show its usefulness. The group’s mission statement†¦show more content†¦There should be ads in the department stores they sell in, tv commercial, and even the internet. If this was blended in with the other â€Å"P’s† , it will have a stronger presen ce in the market. 5. 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Counrywide Financial Free Essays

Countrywide Financial: The Subprime Meltdown 1. Are subprime loans an Unethical financial instrument, or are they ethical but misused in a way that created ethical issues? In my opinion I think subprime loans is an ethical in some ways but for the most part it’s got misused. One way that I think subprime was misused was the fact that when the economy began to slow down, people started working more and earning less money, subprime lending continued to lend to increasingly risky buyers. We will write a custom essay sample on Counrywide Financial or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another cause of misusing subprime lending was the fact that they allowed real estate appraisers to inflate the value of a home to insure loans would go through 2. Discuss the ethical issue that caused the downfall of countrywide Financial. One of the Ethical issue that cause the downfall of countrywide financial is the allegations that accused them of increasing its profit by offering subprime loans to people who qualified for regular loans. Another Ethical issue that caused countrywide financial to there downfall was the fact that they gave out liar loans. Liar loans were loans that required no proof of borrowers income or assets allowing consumers to purchase homes while having few or no assets. Many homeowners with liar loans could not pay their mortgages nor were they able to refinance their homes. 3. How should Bank of America deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct discovered at countrywide? One of the ways I think Bank of America should deal with potential ethical and legal misconduct is by dealing with all the lawsuits that have been filed against the company for dumping homeowners with predatory loan practices. Something else I think Bank of America should start doing is managing Countrywide’s debt by helping homeowners by reducing there interest rate so the foreclosure rate could get lower. How to cite Counrywide Financial, Papers