Sustainability in operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability in operations - Essay Example Delhaize Group is a retail food stores that has operating since 1867. The Group was founded in Belgium and since inception, the company has been operating quiet well by enhancing its visibility in the market. The company with its effective sustainability has been catering services to a large number of clients in the prime locations of the world (1Delhaize Group SA, 2014). In this regard, the paper elaborates on the different approaches of the sustainability operations that are prevalent in the global world. A detailed review of the sustainability operation practiced by the Delhaize Group has been conducted. Bartlett (2012) defines sustainability, as â€Å"sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (pp. 2). This suggest that the present day society is majorly concerned about renewable resources and protecting the same. The development of the different means that would help in protecting the non-renewable resources form depletion is a major need for the present day (Bartlett, 2012). In this respect, Kuhlman and Farrington (2010) noted on the â€Å"optimal theory of exploitation of non-renewable resources† exclaiming that even after the depletion of the different non-renewable resources, the organisations are hardly inclined towards protecting the same. Maintaining sustainability is a further challenge as humans and nature has an opposite mode of operation. The nature follows a strict rule of adaptation as well as harmony whereas humans are majorly focused on conqu ering the nature and its resources. Contextually, Ciegis, Ramanauskiene and Martinkus (2009) stated that owing to the diversified nature of the different program and mode of operations of the different communities, it is difficult to develop a unanimous

Narrative Structure and Binary Oppositions Essay Example for Free

Narrative Structure and Binary Oppositions Essay This essay illustrates the understanding of writing aspects of visual composition because they are grammar of a language. In this image, we get to know good literature and good poetry is more than words and subject matter, art is more than pictures. The Safaricom Company had to choose the sentence structure, the style, and so on can make or break a good story. The designer of this graphic show the way the formal elements are arranged and this can make or break a good picture idea. The use of design principles applied to the visual elements is like visual grammar. In the background of this graphic, the children are playing and happy in school, at the same time it is like learning to read and write the language of vision because it develop you with a style of expressing visual ideas, this also helps you to become visual poets. Looking for the visual effects of design principles does not have to limit an artist’s options because it can focus an experimentation and choice making.. The six visual elements which includes: the color, the line, shape, value or tone, texture, volume or form are all display in this image, first we think of the elements as the basic visual material to this art because it is hard to imagine anything visual without the use of one or more of these elements. While, we think of the principles as was to work with and arrange the elements. See more: what is a narrative essay Colors are seen within the brain, it is the eyes that have the receptors that tell your brain what you are looking at, in the picture color explain a lot about this company. The color green was exploded in the visual element to shows their possession in Kenya and are the safari of Kenya with color used. Secondly, the lines used in the graphic design shows the border guiding the page layout and the design is shows the picture in a book form. The third thing is the shape which enable this design unique, even in the picture lots of shapes are shown to give you a better understanding about what information it’s poetry to the audience. Value or tone are shows who the picture was edited well and contrast at the proper level so suit the eyes of the viewers in Kenya , Safaricom had been there for the nation in it start-up. This was the first GSM Company and they had extended throughout the nation, they had brought lots of programs to the Kenyan people. This image tells how the company is in the front of the Kenyan people and ready to go extra mines for them, in the picture a boy is standing outside of a school fence with smile which means, Safari com company and on the campus there are lots of students and they are playing and dancing which poetry the services that the company Safaricom render to the Kenyan people. In another aspects of this graphic Safaricom company is promoting education programs, for those street kids out there who their parents doesn’t have the hands to sponsor them in school, the gender aspects have to do with promoting sexual gender equal because this have lead to many kids abuse and Safaricom is here in this picture saying â€Å"am here for a chance†. All these are just tell us how media are involved 95% in preaching polities. Some of the design principles or design rules are broken by artist for example: Emphasis- says â€Å"Center of interest.† It is about dominance and influence. Most artists put it a bit off center and balance it with some minor themes to maintain our interest. Some artists avoid emphasis on purpose. They want all parts of the work to be equally interesting. Harmony- As in music, complementary layers and/or effects can join to produce a more attractive whole. The composition is complex, but everything appears to fit with everything else. The whole is better than the sum of its parts. Unity- When nothing distracts from the whole, you have unity. Unity without variation can be uninteresting- like driving on a clear day through Western Kansas on the interstate. Unity with diversity generally has more to offer in both art and in life. Of course some very minimal art can be very claiming and at times even very evocative. Even the simple landscape in this artwork has a powerful effect. Opposition- uses contrasting visual concepts. That same background of this Safaricom advertisement â€Å"blue sky† landscape becomes very dramatic and expressive when a sun builds in the southwest. Principles can grow out of any artistic device that is used to produce an effect on the viewer. Balancing is one of the most important things because it is the consideration of the visual weight and importance in this image looks. It is the way of comparing the right and left side of the composition. The boy outside the fence is essentially symmetrical and the other students in the shade background, both sides are similar in visual weight and almost mirrored. Because symmetrical balance often looks more stiff and formal, sometimes it is called formal balance. Asymmetrical balance is more interesting, in the picture both sides again are similar in visual weight but not mirrored. It is more casual, dynamic, and relaxed feeling so it is often called informal balance. Radial balance is not very common but it is like a daisy image as we see in this picture with everything arranged around a center. Rose windows of cathedrals also use this design system too. Of course Safaricom, even though was the first communication company doesn’t look stiff and formal because we think of fluttering the company as nation number one for freedom and spontaneity. It is a case of subject matter and symbolism overpowering formal design effects. This Safaricom image can have many meanings and feeling beyond its â€Å"radiant† feeling. People might hate it as telling what they should do with their life and on the other hand, many of us can’t help thinking about this great company Safaricom. The extraordinarily textured painted the company. Since we have contemplated those thickly expressed colors and textures with their luscious painterly surface, every other company we see try to become an aesthetic experience filled with fruitful sensations. Variety is used in this image by elements changes. Repeating a similar shape but changing the size can give variety and unity at the same time. Keeping the same size, but changing the color can also give variety and unity at the same time. In visual composition, there are many ways you can change something while simulate Amorously keeping it the same while the depth is effects, space, projection toward the viewer add interest. Linear perspective in the real word makes things duller and small things brighter, and so on, to make the objects contradict realism. Many artists don’t believe in realism even though they could do it if they wanted to. It seems too boring to them. Realism wouldn’t be art for some artists. The way the image repetition is of the visual elements is, one is the size variation that can be applied to shape, form, etc. Notice how size can affect how close or far something can appear to be from the viewer. Example can be the boy in the close view and the rest of the students in a far view. Which one appears closer? Note how size relationships create depth or space in a composition. Children in first grade can already recognize closer and father based on size even though they wouldn’t typically use their pictures unless they were motivated to do so. Repetition can be used on all of the visual elements. If things are repeated without any Shape they can quickly get boring. However repetition with variation can be both interesting and comfortably familiar. Repetition gives motion. While variation can be used with all of the visual elements. See â€Å"variety† above. You can do this with all the elements. Artists do this all the time. Color saturation, sometimes called â€Å"color intensity† or brightness can also gives a feeling or depth and space. Which of these people are farther away in the image? Most second graders can see this effect when they are asked to look for it. These people create the illusion of depth even though they are all the same size. When we analyze artwork we often start with visual effects. We notice something happening. Then we try to figure out why it happens. Motion isn’t a principle. It is one of those magic effects when a still picture has motion. There are lots of ways to get motion. Motion examples: sometimes it has to do with orientation. A diagonal line is more dynamic than a horizontal or vertical line. Sometimes motion depends on the character of the element itself. A straight line may be less dynamic than a zigzag or a curving line. A blended are may appear to flow Depth is another magic effect. Illusion and magic are two threads of the same cloth. Example of depth; sometimes the illusion of depth has to do with orientation also, if you want a chair person to appear further away, you can place them higher on the picture plane. Sometimes the illusion of depth depends on the character of the element itself. A warm color can appear to project and cool color can appear to recede, other things being equal. A light tone (value) can appear to project and dark tone can appear to recede. We can define semiology or semiotics as the study of signs. We may not realize it, but in fact semiology can be applied to all sorts of human endeavors, including cinema, theatre, dance, architecture, painting, politics, medicine, history, and religion. That is, we use a variety of gestures (signs) in everyday life to convey message to people around us. We should think of messages (or texts) as systems of signs, e.g., lexical, graphic, and so on, which gain their effects via the constant clashes between these systems. For example, the menu we consult in a restaurant has been drawn up with reference to a structure, but this structure can be filled differently, according to time and place, e.g., breakfast or dinner (Barthes, 1964, p.28). The goal of semiological analysis is to identify the principle at work in the message or text, i.e., to determine the rhetoric or the grammar trying together all the elements. We get a sense of how language works as a system (Barthes, 1983, p.58) if we think of language as a pair of axes or two planes of metal activity, the vertical plane being the selective principle (vocabulary) and the horizontal dimension being the combinative principle (sentences0. For example, we might select items (words) from various categories in the vertical (associative) dimension, such as kitten, cat, muggy, tom, puss, mouser, sat, rested, crouched and so on, and link them in the horizontal (combinative) plane to formulate statements like the cat sat on the mat. Motivated signs are iconic signs: they are characterized by a natural relation between signifier and signified. A portrait or a photograph is iconic, in that the signifier represents the appearance of the signified. The faithfulness or the accuracy of the representation-the degree to which the signified is re-presented in the signified—is an inverse measure of how conventionalized it is. A realistic portrait (painting) is highly conventionalized this means that to signify the work relies on our experience of the sort of reality it re-presents. A photograph of a street scene communicates easily because of our familiarity with the reality it re-presents. It is important to recognize that in signs of high motivation, the signified is the determining influence, and in signs of low motivation, convention determines the form of the signifier. Finally, after intruding into this design principles and element used to convey information to the viewer, I will conclude by saying the safarcom GSM Company involve themselves in the life on the Kenyan to protect them but at the sometime media is put in front to shows politics. Safaricom choose this graphic because it explains a lot about the Kenyan cultural society. REFERENCES Barthes, R. (1964). â€Å"The structuralize Activity.† From Essais Critiques (winter) p. 82-88 Fiske, J, (1982). Introductions to communication. London: Methuen. Jacobson, R. (1960). â€Å"Linguistics and poetics. â€Å" In style in language, (ED.) pp.260-265 Williams, R. (1976). â€Å"Structural. â€Å"In key words. London; Fontana, pp. 253=59

Luke Presents Jesus As The Divine Saviour Religion Essay

Luke Presents Jesus As The Divine Saviour Religion Essay The purpose of this essay is to look into the work and life of Jesus Christ while on earth as portrayed by each of the Gospels. Though each of the gospels presents a full picture of the person of Christ however, there is a distinction between the four. Each of the writers presents Jesus in his own way, in terms of audience, theme, and focus. The Gospel of Matthew was  [1]  written around 50-60AD in Palestine, before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70AD (Matt 4:5, 27:53). Although the specific date for the book of Mark is uncertain, scholars date it to be written around 49s 60s AD, and believed to be the first Gospel written. The Gospel of Luke was written between 60 65AD while the Gospel of John was dated about 90s. Theme Matthew presents  [2]  Jesus as Messiah. Mark presents Jesus as Servant of God, Luke presents Jesus as the Divine Saviour, and John presents Jesus as the Son of God. Audience Matthew writes his gospel to the Jews. He sought to convince the Jews that Jesus is the promised messiah and king, which was fulfilled through repeated prophecy in the Old Testament. Mark writes to the Roman audience, who were not  [3]  religious, neither philosopher like the Greek. Luke writes to a Greek audience, who were very religious, philosophical, and great thinkers. His two literal classical books, book of Acts and Luke were written to Theophilus a high ranking Greek noble man and other Gentile Christians (LK 1:3, Acts 1:1). The gospel of John was written to all Christians. Background to the Gospel The book of Matthew was placed first as an introduction to the New Testament because it bridge gap between the Old and New Testament. Written in Greek for Jewish believers but the style of writing was Hebrew or Aramaic due to the way Jesus life and ministry was narrated. Although the author of the gospel was not identified by name in biblical text, but testimony by early  [4]  church fathers, Eusebius and Papias shows that Apostle Matthew wrote the book as an eye witness to major events during the ministry of Jesus Christ on earth. The gospel of Mark was action parked fast moving narration written by John Mark an associate of Peter, companion of Paul and Barnabas.  [5]  According to Papias, Mark derived his content from his association with Peter, he was Peter interpreter and wrote as many things he can remembered as Peter relate to him. He tailored his gospel for his Romans listeners who are not religious, who have respect for authority but love action. He portrayed Jesus as a miracle worker; one who could control wind and storm, whom demons trembled at his sight and heal all manner of sicknesses and diseases, but despite this power he humbled himself and gave his life as a ransom, teaching that people who are truly great are servant, that anyone that wants to be great must be a servant first. The author of the gospel of  [6]  Luke was a physician, astute writer, theologian and historian whose book was directed to the Greek believer. The book of Luke is the first of its two books addressed to a man called Theophilus a gentile believer (LK 1:3, Act 1:1). He was a Gentile convert, the only non Jewish author of a bible book. Besides his medical knowledge which he shows frequently when he used medical terms to describe sicknesses for example a man suffering from dropsy (LK 14:2). The author of the fourth gospel was  [7]  John the son of Zebedee one of the original twelve disciples of Jesus, he writes as the disciples whom Jesus loved (Jn. 13: 23-24, 20: 2-9, 21:2-24), hence claims to be an eye witness of Jesus ministry, and recorded much of Jesus ministry in Judea and Jerusalem. Purpose of the Canonical Gospels Matthew wrote to convinced Jewish Christians that Jesus roots is from the lineage of Abraham and descendants of David (Matt 1:1-17). Also too assured the Jews that Jesus was the son of God, awaited messiah has foretold by the Old Testament prophet (Ish. 7:14).  [8]  Matthew also shows to the Jews that Christ came to establish a spiritual kingdom not a political one, which will be followed by a physical kingdom at the end of the age. The book of Matthew is not complete without his explanation on great commission (Matt 28:19). Marks writes to persecuted  [9]  Romans Christian presenting Jesus as the Son of God (Mk 1:1), a suffering servant of God, also too encouraged Romans believers to suffered faithfully for the gospel as he placed before them the life, suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ their Lord and saviour. Luke wrote to the  [10]  Greek Christian and the most comprehensive of the synoptic gospel, he provide full details of all that Jesus the human saviour had done, teach until the day he was taken up to heaven (LK 1:3-4). He traced Jesus human genealogy back to Adam (LK 3:23-38), not just to Abraham as did Matthew (Matt 1:1-17). In Luke we see Jesus as divine saviour (Lk. 1:47, 2:11) who provides salvation for all men irrespective of their nationality. Johns purpose was to reveal the  [11]  deity of Jesus Christ that he is indeed the Son of God who in obedience to the father took on the nature of man (Jn. 1:1), and those who believed in him receive eternal life (John 20:31). He wrote to refute false teachings of the  [12]  Gnostics who goes about denying the humanity: (the word became flesh, Jn. 1:14) and death of Jesus Christ: (Jesus death and resurrection, Jn. 19, 20:1-28). Focus of the Gospels Matthew  [13]  focus on Jesus, the King of Israel who fulfilled Old Testament laws and messianic prophecy (Ish. 7:13), from conception (Matt 1:22-23), to his residence in Nazareth (Matt 2:23), his Galilean ministry (Matt 4:14-chs 18), teachings about the end time (eschatology), triumphant entry into Jerusalem. He arranged Jesus teachings about the kingdom into; ethics-sermon on the mount (Matt 5:1-7:29); missionary (Matt 9:35-11:1); parables about the kingdom (Matt 13:1-52); discipleship (Matt 18:1-35) and lastly on Olivet discourse about the end of the age (Matt 23:1-25:46). He portrayed Jesus as the promised King, who came to inaugurate kingdom of heaven which is not political but spiritual. In a fast  [14]  catchy action, Mark focuses primarily on Jesus mighty miracles, his authority over sicknesses and demons as signs that the kingdom of Gods is at hand. He also portrayed Jesus as Gods servant. It was at Caesarea Philippi, Jesus identity was fully disclosed to his disciples as the Christ, and his prediction about his death and resurrection (Mk 8:31) which shows his divine foreknowledge; making references to cost of discipleship (Mk 8:34-38, 9:1-10) and lastly on Passion Week in (Mk 11-16). Luke is the most comprehensive of the synoptic gospel, focusing on Jesus lineage from pre birth to ascension, his  [15]  Galilean ministry in LK 4:14-9:50, final journey to Jerusalem in LK 9:51-19:27 and his last week called passion week in LK 19:28-24:53. The main focus of Luke is on Jesus teachings and parables during his ministry, expressing universal hope that Jesus came for both Jews and gentiles, his emphasis on prayer, on the move and work of the Holy Spirit, starting from the filling of John the Baptist from his mother womb; to the miraculously birth of the son of God (LK 1:35), to Jesus spirit baptism in (LK 4:14); and clothing of disciples with power from on high (LK 24:49). John focuses much more on the discourses of Christ as Gods incarnate Son. The  [16]  book of John have two divisions the first division (Jn. 1-12), he explain with evidences Jesus incarnation with: seven signs (miracles), seven teachings (Jesus used to disclose his identity), and seven à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I amà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  statements (by which Jesus revealed figuratively what he is to human race) with his bodily resurrection as proof of his claim as Christ, the Son of God. The second division John focuses on Jesus relationship with his disciples (Jn. 13-21), the ministry of the Holy Spirit (Jn. 14-16), the last supper (Jn. 13), Jesus final prayer for believers (Jn. 17), finally his death and resurrection (Jn. 20-21). Relation of the Gospels The four gospel writers write to people of different background and needs. Each under the influence and the inspiration of the Holy Spirit write about the life and teaching of Jesus Christ according to audiences whom they were writing to. Other teaching was omitted purposely, for example Mark mentions women not divorcing their husbands to his Romans audience (Mk 10; 12), Matthew did not mention this since Jewish law did not permit a woman to divorce her husband. Matthew and Luke  [17]  write from Mark while John copied from no one. Altogether Matthew, Mark and Luke record eighty-three events of the same account only twenty four of this are  [18]  found in all the four gospels, with forty- one accounts unique to Johns Gospel, fifty-two to Luke, Matthew with twenty à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬seven unique accounts, while Mark has two. John has no record of Jesus parables. Matthew recorded eighteen parables of Jesus, Luke nineteen while Mark has four. Conclusion Each of the Gospels writers presents the same gospel under the leading of the Holy Spirit too meet specific need in the body of Christ. I believe the focus of each of the writer matured the church of Christ over time, keep the church focus in the right perspective.

Human Rights Essay -- American Politics, Government Bill

Human rights refer to the natural or basic rights and freedoms to which all people are entitled to. Traditionally, the rights and freedoms of citizens were protected by an Act of Parliament or by the judges in developing the common law. Prior to World War II, the convention for the protection of human right and freedom was drafted in 1950s by the Council of Europe. It was drafted because of disgust with fascism and an anxiety to protect basic freedom. On 1953, it has developed to become an international treaty, which all 47 countries of the continent of Europe are bound by the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950, also known as ECHR. United Kingdom (UK) was one of the first countries to sign the Convention in November 1950. Although it entered into force in the UK on 3rd Sept 1953, UK chose not to incorporate its terms into domestic law. Therefore UK was only bound to ECHR on the matter of international law and not within the domestic legal system. During 1960s, there are few parties concerned had campaigned for the enactment for Human Rights Act in UK. These parties are the commentators and public interest groups. However, due to several criticisms and the reluctant of UK government to pass such legislation, the HRA did not enact until 1998. Though the convention did not incorporate into domestic law, UK did recognize the authority of European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to hear and adjudicate complaints from UK citizens. In 1997, the newly elected Labour Government promised to introduce a human right bill to Parliament. As a result, The Human Right Act 1998 received Royal Assent on 9 November 1998 and came into full effect in the UK on 2nd Oct 2000. For the past 20 years or so, UK governments ha... ...om of expression of a political party contravenes racial discrimination or the right to life of a foetus overrides the mother’s right and liberty. Some would argue that question which concern with political should not be answered by the judiciary but the politician. Otherwise, the judiciary will become politicized. Some academic argued that merely granting rights does not necessary means individual freedom and empowerments are secure. The right granted must supported by economic and social provision. Imbalance in power in society means that the powerful can take advantages on those who are less powerful. For example, equal payment of women in work may results the employers to recruit more of the male workers. Therefore, it might be that Britain Bill of rights is not as powerful as Human Rights Act 1998 to protect the individual freedom and rights. In summary,

Pet Wonderland Services (PWS) Essay

Introduction to the organization Pet Wonderland Services (PWS) is a new business in pets industry. PWS first shop was at Shah Alam section 13. Although there are several pets shop in Shah Alam, PWS wil brings new services to the animal lovers communities as. Vision To serve the best quality, friendly and effective service and fulfill customer satisfaction. Mission To be one of the top pet shop that brings the most high quality and effective services in the Malaysia. â€Å"Your pets is our responsible too† Objective The main objective of this service is to ease community that they would not have to bring their pet to our shop but we will go to their house and give the services that they wanted to. In our services, we only provide the best pets product and we will consult with the owner about their pets first so that we can use an appropriate an suitable pet’s product to their pets. We want to deliver a quality services so that customer will believe in us. We are not just gaining profit, we are also gaining trust to our customer and love to the animal.

War time Conferences essays

War time Conferences essays In August 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met secretly in the Atlantic Sea abroad a warship anchored in a secure anchorage at Argentina, Newfoundland (located on Placentia Bay). Roosevelt had traveled to Argentina aboard the heavy cruiser USS Augusta while Churchill made the journey across the Atlantic aboard the battleship HMS Prince of Wales. The conference was from August 9th to the 12th. The reason for the conference was for a strategy of the war against the Axis. This conference leads to the Atlantic Charter. There were 8 points of the charter. The eight points are no territorial gains are sought by the United States or the United Kingdom, territorial adjustments must conform to the people involved, people have right to choose own government, trade barriers lowered, there must be disarmament, there must be freedom from want and fear, there must be freedom of the seas, and there must be an association of nations. Before the conferen ce FDR had proposed a lend lease for Britain to payback in goods and services because at the time they didnt have the money to pay for war materials and also for not having huge intergovernmental loans. The Atlantic Charter was eventually signed by 15 countries including the Soviet Union and proved to be the one of the first steps for the formation of the United Nations. From January 14 to January 24, 1943, the first war conference between the Allied Powers was held in Casablanca, Morocco. Roosevelt and Churchill attended the conference. Joseph Stalin leader of Russia at the time was not invited because neither Churchill nor Roosevelt had on the agenda anything to do with the Eastern Front. This failure to invite Stalin did a great deal to confirm in Stalins mind, his belief that war plans were being made without his participation and behind his back and he did not agree with this. This suspicion between the Allies continued for the followin...

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isnt Murder

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isn't Murder The question of whether or not abortion is murder is one of the most contentious social and political issues of the day. Although the United States Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in 1973, the morality of terminating a pregnancy has been debated in the U.S. since at least the mid-1800s. A Brief History of Abortion Although abortions were performed in colonial America, they were not considered illegal or immoral. Premarital sex, however, was outlawed, which may have contributed to abortion being considered taboo by some. As in Great Britain, a fetus was not considered to be a living being until quickening, usually 18 to 20 weeks, when the mother could feel her unborn child move. Attempts to criminalize abortion began in Britain in 1803, when the procedure was outlawed if the quickening had already occurred. Further restrictions were passed in 1837.  In the U.S., attitudes toward abortion began to shift after the Civil War. Led by physicians who saw the practice as a threat to their profession and people opposed to the emerging womens rights movement, anti-abortion laws were passed in a majority of states by the 1880s. The outlawing of abortion in the U.S. did not make the practice disappear, however. Far from it. By the middle of the 20th century, it is estimated that as many as 1.2 million abortions were performed annually in the U.S. Because the procedure remained illegal, however, many women were forced to seek out abortionists who worked in unsanitary conditions or had no medical training, leading to the unnecessary deaths of countless patients due to infection or hemorrhaging. As the feminist movement gained steam in the 1960s, the push to legalize abortion gained momentum. By 1972, four states had repealed their abortion restrictions and another 13 had loosened them. The following year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7 to 2 that women had a right to an abortion, although states could impose restrictions on the practice. Is Abortion Murder? Despite or perhaps because of the Supreme Court ruling, abortion continues to be a hotly debated issue today. Many states have imposed severe restrictions on the practice, and religious and conservative politicians often frame the issue as one of morality and preserving the sanctity of life. Murder, as it is typically defined, involves the intentional death of another human person. Even if one were to assume that every embryo or fetus is as sentient as a grown human being, the lack of intent would still be enough to classify abortion as something other than murder. A Hypothetical Argument Lets imagine a scenario in which two men go deer hunting. One man mistakes his friend for a deer, shoots him, and accidentally kills him. Its hard to imagine that any reasonable person would describe this as murder, even though we would all know for certain that a real, sentient human person was killed. Why? Because the shooter thought he was killing a deer, something other than a real, sentient human person. Now consider the example of abortion. If a woman and her physician think theyre killing a non-sentient organism, then they would not be committing murder. At most, they would be guilty of involuntary manslaughter. But even involuntary manslaughter involves criminal negligence, and it would be very hard to judge someone criminally negligent for not personally believing that a pre-viable embryo or fetus is a sentient human person when we dont actually know this to be the case. From the point of view of someone who believes that every fertilized egg is a sentient human person, abortion would be horrific, tragic, and lethal. But it would be no more murderous than any other kind of accidental death. Sources Ravitz, Jessica. The Surprising History of Abortion in the United States. CNN.com. 27 June 2016.  BBC staff. Historial Attitudes to Abortion. BBC.co.uk. 2014.Carmon, Irin. A Brief History of Abortion Law in America. BillMoyers.com. 14 November 2017.Gold, Rachel Benson. Lessons from before Roe: Will Past be Prologue? Guttmacher.org. 1 March 2003.

The Importance of Family in Homers The Illiad.

The Importance of Family in Homers The Illiad. Most people would consider their family to be among their top priorities, if not their very first. In Homer's "The Illiad", Hecuba is portrayed as a woman who values family. Her emphasis on family values is demonstrated in her relationship with her son Hektor, as well as her husband Priam.Hecuba feared Achilleus would kill her son Hektor in battle so she attempted to persuade him to refrain from fighting the great Achilleus. Unfortunately she was unsuccessful as she "could not move the spirit in Hektor", Hektor proceeded to prepare for battle (l.91). Despite Hecuba's efforts to sway her sons decision, Hektor was confident that he could win this battle. Confidence is a quality often developed in early stages of childhood, showing the reader that Hektor was brought up in a supportive and loving home, created by his parents. Hektor was no match for Achilleus and sadly lost the battle.Hector GuimardHecuba knew Hektor would lose if he were to fight Achilleus, as shown when she "in tears w as mourning" before Hektor had even gone to battle (l.79). This indicated that she knew Hektors strengths and weaknesses, something an attentive mother would be aware of. This knowledge provided the reader with evidence enabling them to believe that Hecuba and Hektor had a solid mother-son relationship.Hecuba did not want Hektor to fight Achilleus, not only because she feared his death, but because she suspected that Achilleus would rob Hektor of his right to the chance of a proper burial. Hecuba believed that Hektor, when he was to die, deserved a proper and respectful burial. She told her son "for if he kills you I can no longer mourn you on the death-bed", and "nor can your generous wife mourn you, but a bit way...

Gustave Courbet and Edouard Manet - the Rise of Modernism Essay

Gustave Courbet and Edouard Manet - the Rise of Modernism - Essay Example As Gustave was a radical so the subjects of most of his paintings compromised of the most ordinary and humblest of people (Discover France: Online). Though Gustave was devoid of any formal training in art and painting, yet he made immense efforts to acquire the varied techniques requisite for a realistic portrayal of his subjects (Discover France: Online). In consonance with many of the Realist masters, Gustave always attempted to capture something plain in many of his works. He used a very limited palette to achieve this impact (Discover France: Online). The paintings of Gustave are marked by thick layers of paint giving way to compositions that seemed to be simplistic (Getty Museum: Online). The artist confined most of his innovation to the choice of subjects rather than on the painting technique. Actually, Gustave hit hard at the Romantic ideals by painting common people like workers and peasants (Getty Museum: Online). Gustave was a bohemian artist who resented the views of conte mporary critics and used to exhibit his paintings in pavilions constructed at his own expense (Discover France: Online). Gustave preferred a dark palette and a rough style to reject the conventional notions of Salon finish (Getty Museum: Online). ... Edouard Manet was born in a typical Parisian bourgeoisie family in 1832. Very much like Gustave, the real interest of Manet lied in the world of art and not in academic pursuits. Actually, it was his uncle Charles Fournier who nurtured and encouraged his interest in art. It is Edouard Manet who is credited for facilitating the transition from Gustave Courbet’s realism to French Impressionism (MacDonald: Online). Manet, unlike Gustave, believed in a formal exposure to the old and contemporary art and art techniques. This is why he travelled extensively across Italy, Germany and Austria to study the works and techniques of the masters of the yore. However, such an endeavour failed to satisfy the curiosity and zeal of Manet and finally, it was in the works of Goya and Velasquez that he found the requisite answers to his queries (MacDonald: Online). Not to mention, Manet was also inspired by the works of Gustave. Though Manet appreciated the works of the old masters yet he quintes sentially believed that the purpose of art in any era is to reflect the contemporary ideas and concepts by using techniques that are current and up to date (MacDonald: Online). It is no wonder that the subjects of Manet, unlike Gustave who opted for the French country life, were predominantly selected from the urban life of his age and times (Art History: Online). However, like Gustave, his subjects were common and simple and rebelled against the prevalent concept of class. Like Gustave, Manet did reject the conventional modelling and perspectives and showed now predilection for the traditional emphasis on illusionism (Art History: Online). Manet’s painting technique avoided tight details and the panache for an accurate pictorial duplication (Art History: Online).  

Importance of Names in Lawrences The Book of Negroes Essay

Importance of Names in Lawrences The Book of Negroes - Essay Example Lawrence Hill through his writing techniques makes it very easy for our reading even as the heroine, Aminata Diallo is stolen from her small African village as a young girl and forced to cross the â€Å"big river†, while having to keep up with the harsh cruelty of travel through slave ship, being sold to sugarcane plantation owners in South Carolina and again being re-sold, while having her beloved husband on yet another plantation. Aminata’s husband risks his life and visits her quite often. While travelling to Nova Scotia, Aminata dreams of her child and her wishes of returning home to Africa one day. In her map, Aminata only sees Africa as composed of various wild animals including elephants and monkeys and women who are bare-breast. With her brave resistance, her skills in midwifery, reading and writing abilities and a steadfast desire to stay alive, Aminata finds the name of her homeland and travels there, finally making her last voyage to England, where she uses h er life story as a sign to empower people against slave trade. In this book, Lawrence Hill uses the title of his book â€Å"Someone Knows my name† to create a long lasting impression in the minds of his audience on the effects of slavery and how young and brave female persons resisted oppression. The story underscores a story of a female slave called Aminata and her painful journey through life and how she undergoes a series of name changing identifying circumstances just to stay afloat during the slavery days. In this book, Lawrence emphasizes that names are truly the beginning of a life’s long journey, it is what a person refers you by and it is applicable to someone’s life in very many different ways. Although names can also be common and bear significance to a certain aspect of life, the name in which Lawrence has chosen in his novel of places, people, objects and cultures bear a very practical relevance as regards to how a person perceives the other during an initial encounter. Names have a contributing factor on a pers on’s character and personality. The importance of names has been displayed in the novel by the various characters and personality characteristics that the author has provided to the characters. More importantly, Aminata comes out as a strong character in displaying the significance of names towards resistance against oppression. At the beginning of the story, the author describes how Aminata was captured into slave trade only to part of the resistance at later years joining the Black loyalists in their final journey to Nova Scotia, then a decade later she is still one of the thousands of Black loyalists in the Black-Africa movement who made their way into Sierra Leone. Initially, as a very young girl she rejects her father’s intentions to teach her in reading Koran. Later in her captivity, the spirit of determination is reinforced in her by observing Fanta’s rebellious behaviors, who acts as a yard stick for her determination and foundation for future involvemen ts in resistance. Her spirit of resistance grows stronger as Bilton also convinces her in organizing shipboard revolution. Although the revolt fails and many people are killed, Amanita and others survive this revolution by sheer force of will. At the same time, the doctor attempts to rape Amanita during Atlantic crossing, but she resists and able to discourage him by threatening him using spiritual retribution saying, â€Å"Don’t do that, or my father will return from the dead to

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example It is well known that emerging technologies can bring in newer market opportunities, with improved data and information storing, sharing and communication. Among them, the emerging Informational technological concept of Cloud Computing brings in many benefits to the organizations, and thus has great potential for future applications. So, if this emerging technology is taken advantage of, it would benefit the companies by helping to address the business needs of the client, thereby encouraging its business growth through good profits and lowered costs. Both big organizations as well as smaller firms are adopting this technology to fulfill their own needs. So, this paper will look at the technology behind this concept and how it could impact the organizations, which utilizes it. Cloud computing is an Internet-based computer network with the main role for ‘outside’ or ‘virtual’ servers, without the need to establish and maintain in-house infrastructure. The data, softwares, applications, etc stored in those servers can be accessed by computer users from anywhere through a web browser by paying subscription charges, based on the ‘services on demand’ concept. â€Å"The storing and accessing of applications and computer data often through a Web browser rather than running installed software on your personal computer or office server†. (cloudcomputingdefined.com).The fundamental concept behind Cloud Computing got originated in 1960s, when the American computer and cognitive scientist John McCarthy opined that â€Å"computation may someday be organized as a public utility†. (Frangulyan). This rings true because the main characteristics of Cloud Computing is computing in a public or external environment. This ch aracteristic was further explored in comparison with the electricity industry by Douglas Parkhill in his book, "The Challenge of the Computer Utility", published in 1966. The Cloud

Marketing. Performance evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing. Performance evaluation - Essay Example It would not be correct, if we only hold the employee responsible or if we hold solely the employee responsible for this immorality. An employee involves himself in such act because there is not adequate check on him, which is the responsibility of the company. However, the primary fault is that of the person himself. It is the immorality of the individual that actually works on promoting such unethical practices at company time. Hence, the person responsible for the act is to be held responsible; however, the boost to these activities given by company environment is also to be considered. Discussion Question 2: Please discuss your views of performance expectations or performance appraisals and how they accurately or not evaluate your performance Do you feel the annual evaluation you have each year accurately reflects your performance on the job What are some ethical implications related to performance evaluations Performance evaluation is said to be a yardstick for measurement and decision of whether an employee has performed according to expectations or not and if yes, how good has been the performance. Performance evaluation techniques have a structured approach followed by discussion to have a conclusion of the employee's performance. An employee is allowed to present his case through self evaluation but the final judgment is that of the boss. The annual frequency of this tool is for ease and convenience. However, there are times when the employee has been a great performer throughout the year, and just when the evaluation time is near, due to some reason the performance has slipped. In such cases, performance evaluation results do not go in the favor of employee in spite of quality and hard work all the year round. This makes performance evaluation a subjective tool to a great extent. So, better frequency can remove this drawback rather than having an annual appraisal. Ethically, it is the employee's responsibility to do a realistic and correct self appraisal and even the boss is morally bound to give the deserved rating. But, in actual scenario, the case does not match ideal needs. The employee does try to inflate and show his performance and aims at maximum rating in spite of whatever the performance is. Exceptions are always there. Also, the boss tries to have personal bias while evaluating. Hence, the ethical sense of the tool gets lost. Summary: The course on critical thinking and ethics offers a pathway to integrate the views on ethics in the professional as well as personal life. It has an impact on the thought process and helps getting a realistic view of things around us and facilitates evaluation of professional and personal development in the light of ethical standings. It also enables to let us apply theoretical topics and discussions for decision making and for assessment of skill sets and talent. The above two discussion questions give a food for thought for the immorality and morality debate at work place. It helps in analysis of the actual scenario versus the expected scenario. The collaborative effort of the course with a structured approach and discussion based topics of real life stimulate the

Management of information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management of information technology - Essay Example The organisation at the very beginning will need to explore all avenues where electronic information systems are required to manage information better. All departments should be consulted to arrive at common consensus for the need. At various levels the thought process may come to a halt due to various factors. We shall identify and explore a few. Management Issues - An organisation need to answer the question of management of the IT resource if it proceeds with the investment. An IT resource like a supply chain management software is required to be handled by a staff of experienced IT professionals who are also aware of the core business processes of the organisation. Failure to do so will result in incorrect reporting of information and ultimately lead to mismanagement. Organisational Issues - At an organisational level investment in IT could bring out some structural as well as financial issues. An organisation will need to consider its core business requirements, investor interests and well as financial implications while considering a potential investment in IT. Technological Issues - Technological issues if not planned for may derail an entire project at the implementation stage. Overlooking CTQ (critical to quality) parameters can result in doing more harm than good. Let us now look at the various issues that may arise when an organisation may invest into IT. At a management level, there may well be numerous issues. Lets look at a few which might be more common. Administration - While an organisation may want the most sophisticated software available in the market, it however needs to answer management related questions before proceeding. The organisation needs to see if it has the work force capacity to handle such a shift. Does it have the required people with necessary skill set to successfully implement and support the technology If not then who would manage this technology Many technology vendors have come up with their own solution to this issue since it is the most common and is certain to arise. While most vendors would offer specialised training to an organisation's staff, few also offer to provide dedicated staff to the organisation for day to day administration of the product. Organisations also recruit IT staff to manage the acquired product if the data is sensitive. For example an organisation would definitely would want to have an IT employee specializing in the technology in question if it is financial in nature or deals with the organisations product. If the product is unique in the market, maintaining a dedicated resource becomes all the more important. Security Issues - "Managers, consultants, IT professionals and customers believe that they have finally discovered what makes organizations work: knowledge---that invisible force that propels the most successful companies to stock market values which far exceed the visible assets of their financial balance sheet". (Borghoff & Pareschi 1997, p.835) Since technology investment deals with data which in the hands of certain individuals translates into Knowledge, protecting it is very important. An organisation may answer the security management question by restricting access of the technology to individuals on a need to know basis. This will ensure that those

Making Meaning- English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Making Meaning- English Language - Essay Example ognitive approaches are more apposite to trace the crucial but slight changes in the notions of a word and therefore, all-embracing to encapsulate maximum circumference of the meaning. Cognitive approaches always consider a language as a living object that ultimately yields relative meaning in relation to its environments and context. Therefore semantic interpretation is to be explained from the reality of an object and how â€Å"the human brain processes the information it receives by using a series of very specific cognitive mechanisms† (Jaen 2). Indeed there have been many studies and theories on Semantics or the study of the meaning of words and structures. The concept of the ‘signifier’ and the ‘signified’ forms the basis of the derivation of meaning for each words or structures. The fact that a single signifier can have one or many signified adds to the complexity of the process of meaning derivation. Some studies have proved that there is a clo se relation between the sound pattern and the linguistic pattern of a given word or structure. There are linguists who argue that the meaning of a word is closely related to the perception level or the cognitive level of understanding and experiences of the hearer. The prototype theory holds that the process of attributing meaning to a given word or structure is â€Å"principled and depends on the ‘real world attributes’ of what is perceived, and also upon the characteristics of the perceptual apparatus itself† (Johnson 12). One needs to differentiate and contrast the attributes of the perceived images with the other images to make this process of meaning derivation. In fact, the prototypes (‘the most representative members of a category’) is linked with the cultural models that shape one’s perceptions and knowledge representation and therefore each perceived image or experience â€Å"serve as prototypes for understanding real-world experiences† (Holland and Quinn 22). The authors hold that there is a

Marketing. Performance evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing. Performance evaluation - Essay Example It would not be correct, if we only hold the employee responsible or if we hold solely the employee responsible for this immorality. An employee involves himself in such act because there is not adequate check on him, which is the responsibility of the company. However, the primary fault is that of the person himself. It is the immorality of the individual that actually works on promoting such unethical practices at company time. Hence, the person responsible for the act is to be held responsible; however, the boost to these activities given by company environment is also to be considered. Discussion Question 2: Please discuss your views of performance expectations or performance appraisals and how they accurately or not evaluate your performance Do you feel the annual evaluation you have each year accurately reflects your performance on the job What are some ethical implications related to performance evaluations Performance evaluation is said to be a yardstick for measurement and decision of whether an employee has performed according to expectations or not and if yes, how good has been the performance. Performance evaluation techniques have a structured approach followed by discussion to have a conclusion of the employee's performance. An employee is allowed to present his case through self evaluation but the final judgment is that of the boss. The annual frequency of this tool is for ease and convenience. However, there are times when the employee has been a great performer throughout the year, and just when the evaluation time is near, due to some reason the performance has slipped. In such cases, performance evaluation results do not go in the favor of employee in spite of quality and hard work all the year round. This makes performance evaluation a subjective tool to a great extent. So, better frequency can remove this drawback rather than having an annual appraisal. Ethically, it is the employee's responsibility to do a realistic and correct self appraisal and even the boss is morally bound to give the deserved rating. But, in actual scenario, the case does not match ideal needs. The employee does try to inflate and show his performance and aims at maximum rating in spite of whatever the performance is. Exceptions are always there. Also, the boss tries to have personal bias while evaluating. Hence, the ethical sense of the tool gets lost. Summary: The course on critical thinking and ethics offers a pathway to integrate the views on ethics in the professional as well as personal life. It has an impact on the thought process and helps getting a realistic view of things around us and facilitates evaluation of professional and personal development in the light of ethical standings. It also enables to let us apply theoretical topics and discussions for decision making and for assessment of skill sets and talent. The above two discussion questions give a food for thought for the immorality and morality debate at work place. It helps in analysis of the actual scenario versus the expected scenario. The collaborative effort of the course with a structured approach and discussion based topics of real life stimulate the

Making Meaning- English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Making Meaning- English Language - Essay Example ognitive approaches are more apposite to trace the crucial but slight changes in the notions of a word and therefore, all-embracing to encapsulate maximum circumference of the meaning. Cognitive approaches always consider a language as a living object that ultimately yields relative meaning in relation to its environments and context. Therefore semantic interpretation is to be explained from the reality of an object and how â€Å"the human brain processes the information it receives by using a series of very specific cognitive mechanisms† (Jaen 2). Indeed there have been many studies and theories on Semantics or the study of the meaning of words and structures. The concept of the ‘signifier’ and the ‘signified’ forms the basis of the derivation of meaning for each words or structures. The fact that a single signifier can have one or many signified adds to the complexity of the process of meaning derivation. Some studies have proved that there is a clo se relation between the sound pattern and the linguistic pattern of a given word or structure. There are linguists who argue that the meaning of a word is closely related to the perception level or the cognitive level of understanding and experiences of the hearer. The prototype theory holds that the process of attributing meaning to a given word or structure is â€Å"principled and depends on the ‘real world attributes’ of what is perceived, and also upon the characteristics of the perceptual apparatus itself† (Johnson 12). One needs to differentiate and contrast the attributes of the perceived images with the other images to make this process of meaning derivation. In fact, the prototypes (‘the most representative members of a category’) is linked with the cultural models that shape one’s perceptions and knowledge representation and therefore each perceived image or experience â€Å"serve as prototypes for understanding real-world experiences† (Holland and Quinn 22). The authors hold that there is a

The Group of 20 Essay Example for Free

The Group of 20 Essay The Group of 20 was created in 1999 to develop a solution to economic hardship and financial crisis. On November 10-11, 2010, leaders around the world gathered in Seoul, Korea. The implementations included ensuring the current economic recovery by creating jobs, this will balance our recovery and increase wealth. Other commitments include strengthening the international financial regulatory system and institutions, which will sustain global growth and prevent future crisis. With this a summit was formed and plans were made. Cameron, the prime minister of UK, told the Commons that the UK had four priorities at the talks: tackling deficits, fighting protectionism, encouraging development issues and dealing with trade imbalances. During the summit Cameron said The G20 has been a vital forum in fighting to keep markets open. Increasing trade is the biggest boost and the biggest stimulus we can give to the world economy. It doesnt cost any money, it is not a zero-sum game and it creates wealth and jobs. † After the proceedings, the prime minister revealed that the summit was very successful. Korea brought new perspective and issues to G20 as well. Korea introduced plans for a global financial safety net system and development issues as additional agenda items. In Korea’s view, a credible global financial safety net would reduce pressure on governments to continue adding to smaller reserves. Korea is also interested in furthering renewed discussions on development issues, proposing them to be essential to rebalancing the global economy and to ensuring that the Agenda can operate as intended. It also includes addressing gaps in income and development. Korea is concerned with future economic growth and therefore organized a Business summit collecting and gathering close to 100 key corporate Chairmen and CEOs from around the world just prior to the G20 Summit, on November 10-11, 2010. The Business Summit is intended to be a forum for business leaders to exchange views on how to boost the recovery and put the global economy back on the path to greater growth. World leaders agreed to develop new guidelines to prevent so-called currency wars. The EU helped to build a consensus on cooperative solutions to tensions on currency issues and trade. A joint letter that was created during the summit included that leaders would agree to move to more market based exchange rates and to enhance exchange rate flexibility to reflect essential economic fundamentals and abstain from competitive deflations. They are also happy with the commitment to fight protectionism. It was important for the EU to place development securely on the agenda of the G20. This was achieved with the Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth, interlinking development, trade and investment. This is the fifth G20 summit since the global financial crisis hit in 2008. This summit was chaired by Korea and seemed to have been successful. In this summit several actions and plans were developed: the Seoul Action plan, the joint letter, and the Seoul Development Consensus for shared growth. The solution for the global economic and financial crisis is underway.

Additive Manufacturing; Stereolithography in Dentistry

Additive Manufacturing; Stereolithography in Dentistry Introduction: Digital revolution because of computers has made the previously manual tasks much easier, faster and more reliable at a reduced cost. Such modifications are always welcomed in dentistry, especially from materials and manufacturing perspective. The digital revolution in the form of dental CAD–CAM took place many years ago, since than many modified systems have appeared on the market with great rapidity. It is expected that another digital dental revolution will take over dentistry in the form of layered fabrication techniques, once they are able to produce high quality dental prostheses. This situation has also posed great challenge for the material scientists in the form of materials that are suitable for long term use in dentistry and oral environment. This can potentially take dental materials research in a totally different direction. Additive manufacturing: Dentistry is the most suited field for additive manufacturing, as it is associated with rapid production of customized units made to fit the patient with high degree of precision and accuracy. In principle it creates a series of cross-sectional slices from a 3D computer file which are then printed one on top of the other to create the 3D object without any material being wasted. Additive manufacturing technologies includes many and Stereolithography (SLA) is one of them. Stereolithography (SLA) Stereolithography (SLA) is the most widely used rapid prototyping technology. The term â€Å"Stereolithography† was first introduced in 1986 by Charles W. Hull, who defined it as a method for making solid objects by successively printing thin layers of an ultraviolet curable material, one on top of the other. Materials and Required time: A number of materials that the industry uses have increased greatly and modern machines can utilize a broad array of photo curable polymers. Timing depends on the size and number of objects being created, the laser might take a minute or two for each layer (a typical run 6 to 12 h). One can now even print 50 to 80 dental crown units in 56 minutes with high quality mode. Applications in dentistry: Dental applications are very suitable for processing by means of SLA due to their complex geometries, low volume and strong individualization. Most common are models fabricated from intraoral or impression scans. However, popularity is gaining for orthodontics and removable prosthodontics. 1. Production of anatomical models: SLA models are preferred because of higher strength, higher temperature resistance, lower moisture absorption, and lower shrinkage. They can be sterilized for surgical use, and literature has shown superior accuracy (Barker et al., 1994, Choi et al., 2002, Cunningham et al., 2005). Table-1 summarizes basic characteristics of the three most common types of 3-D models used in the United States. SLA clinical models are used as an aid to diagnosis, preoperative planning and implant design and manufacturing. Surgeons use models to help plan surgeries but prosthetists and technologists also use models as an aid to the design and manufacturing of custom-fitting implants. These models are particularly very useful for restorative rehabilitation of oral cancer patients. Medical models are frequently used to help in the construction of Cranioplasty plates. The models are effective tools to facilitate patient education and as a teaching aid for students and ju nior colleagues. 2. Manufacture of crowns and bridges, resin models: Its use is gradually being extended to include the manufacture of temporary crowns and bridges and resin working models for loss wax casting. 3. Production of removable partial denture frameworks: The removable partial denture frameworks is made using rapid prototyping, SLA technique. It was developed by 3D Systems of Valencia, CA, USA in 1986. 4. Production of individually-customized digital aligner models for orthodontic use: Whole trays of individually-customized aligner models which serve as extremely accurate base-mold tools upon which the clear aligners are then thermoformed, can be produced by this additive technique. 5. Manufacturing of scaffolds for bioengineering and nerve guide conduits: Scaffolds for bioengineering and nerve guide conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration are the newer applications of a similar process i.e. microstereolithography ( µ SLA). Future advancements: With the improvements in the speed, reliability, and accuracy of the hardware, additive manufacturing will seriously compete with traditional manufacturing in creating end-use products. Many possible biomedical engineering applications might be available in the coming years. Conclusion: It will still be many years before the machines will be able to produce work of a quality that can be achieved by the best dental technologists in the world. For the dental materials scientist these technologies will throw up a whole new way of materials processing and with it the opportunity to use a whole new range of materials. Table-1 Basic characteristics of 3 D models (Choi et al., 2002) References and further reading: Barker, T.M, Earwaker, W.J.S, Lisle D.A. (1994) Accuracy of stereolithographic models for human anatomy.Australas Radiol,38(106). Berman, B. (2012) 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution.Business horizons,55(2), 155-162. Cassetta, M., Giansanti, M., Di Mambro, A., Stefanelli, L. V. (2013) Accuracy of Positioning of Implants Inserted Using a Mucosa-Supported Stereolithographic Surgical Guide in the Edentulous Maxilla and Mandible.The International journal of oral maxillofacial implants,29(5), 1071-1078. Choi, J.Y., Choi, J.H., Kim N.K. (2002) Analysis of errors in medical rapid prototyping models.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 31(23). doi: 10.1054/ijom.2000.0135. Cunningham, L., Madsen, M., Peterson, G. (2005) Stereolithographic modeling technology applied to tumor resection.J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 63, 873–878. Gauvin, R., Chen, Y. C., Lee, J. W., Soman, P., Zorlutuna, P., Nichol, J. W., Khademhosseini, A. (2012) Microfabrication of complex porous tissue engineering scaffolds using 3D projection stereolithography.Biomaterials, 33(15), 3824-3834. Mehra, P., Miner, J., D’Innocenzo, R., Nadershah, M. (2011) Use of 3-D stereolithographic models in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery,10(1), 6-13. Melchels, F. P., Feijen, J., Grijpma, D. W. (2010) A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering.Biomaterials, 31(24), 6121-6130. Morris, L., Sokoya, M., Cunningham, L., Gal, T. J. (2013) Utility of stereolithographic models in osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the head and neck.Craniomaxillofacial trauma reconstruction,6(2), 87. Patel, M., Al-Momani, Z., Hodson, N., Nixon, P., Mitchell, D. (2013) Computerized tomography, stereolithography and dental implants in the rehabilitation of oral cancer patients.Dental update,40(7), 564-6. Tasaki, S., Kirihara, S., Soumura, T. (2011, November) Fabrication of Ceramic Dental Crowns by using Stereolithography and Powder Sintering Process. In Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (Vol. 32(8), 141-146). American Ceramic Society, Inc., 735 Ceramic Place Westerville OH 43081 United States. Van Noort, R. (2012) The future of dental devices is digital.Dental Materials, 28(1), 3-12.

Road Rage: The Scourge Of Americas Roadways :: essays research papers fc

Topic: Road RageGeneral Purpose: To convinceSpecific Purpose: To convince the audience to combat "road rage" by increasing driver awarenessThesis Statement: "Road rage" caused by aggressive driving tendencies is a growing epidemic affecting today's roadways, but there is a solution.Ethos: Include myself in my statements.Pathos: Audience should feel horrified at the consequences of road rage.Logos: Cite statistics and research resources.IntroductionI. How many of you have ever been in a motor vehicle? Did you know that "motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among Americans 1-37 years old." With the largest % being our age group. (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety)II. Many traffic accidents could have been easily prevented if not for the angry menace called road rage. Road rage caused by aggressive driving tendencies is a growing epidemic affecting today's roadways, but there is a solution.Transition 1: As you can see road rage is a serious problem that could potentially affect us all. But many of us have different ideas of the scope of road rage.BodyI. You can better combat "road rage" by understanding what it is...A. Road rage or aggressive driving is defined as behavior behind the wheel in which furious drivers lose their temper and engage in risk-taking behavior or attempt to injure or kill another driver or pedestrian over minor traffic disputes.(Dr. Leon James, Professor of Psychology at the University of Hawaii, further defines road rage by breaking it down into three types)1. Verbal Road Rage is composed of behaviors such as yelling, swearing, gesturing, honking, and insulting.2. Quiet Road Rage includes complaining, rushing, competing, and resisting.3. Epic Road Rage includes cutting off, blocking, chasing, fighting, and shooting.B. You all are thinking that we've all done some of those things, but no one really gets hurt. You can be sure that's exactly what Tracie Alfieri and Narkey Terry also thought.1. According to a June 2, Newsweek article, Tracie Alfieri became enraged by the manner in which Rene Andrews pulled into her lane. Alfieri tried to pass Andrews on the right then cut in front and hit the brakes causing Andrews to swerve into a stopped tractor resulting in the loss of Andrews' 6 month old unborn child. Tracie Alfieri was convicted this May of vehicular manslaughter and sentenced to 18 months in prison. (Newsweek)2. In the most commonly cited incident of road rage, which ended in three deaths: Narkey Terry and Billy Canipe became involved in a game of cat and mouse because Canipe was moving too slowly in the left lane.

Reading, Writing and Children’s Literacy Essay -- Education, Language,

In order to assist children in their education, educators must have a vast knowledge of various text types and how children will learn most effectively the components of each text type as well as when and where to use them within society. As educators, we need to constantly be aware of how we can support students to use language in order to learn effectively. The purpose, structure and language features of all the various text types are essential components of an educators understanding of the subject in order for them to educate students. Halliday’s functional approach to language as well as a much broader understanding of the socio-cultural approach to language is crucial to take into consideration when planning programs to educate students about language and text types. The purpose of writing to socialise is to help writers maintain or improve relationships. It is frequently used to explain, advise, request and describe events, experiences and information important to the writer. Different text forms used to socialise include thank you notes, greeting cards, invitations, social sites, emails and letters. These forms of writing can be formal or informal in tone, depending on the relationship between the writer and the audience. This particular text type is used help to share information important to the writer, there may be an assumed knowledge of some of the content included and information is generally written as the writer would speak. The structure and language features of this particular text type vary greatly according to the purpose and audience, but generally each will contain first and second person pronouns, specific participants, questions or statements. Concise language is used as well as simple past tense re... ...ate fully in the society in which they live. Educators must ensure students have a deep understanding of writing as a social construct and provide students with opportunities to practice using language as a social tool so as they can express themselves with confidence. Works Cited Emmitt, M., Zbaracki, M., Komesaroff, L., Pollock, J. (2010). Language & learning: An introduction to teaching (5th ed.). South Melbourne VIC: Oxford university press. Steps professional development. (2005). First steps: Writing resource book (2nd ed.). Belmont WA: Author. Win Jan, L. (2009). Write ways: Modelling writing forms (3rd ed.). South Melbourne VIC: Oxford university press. Winch, G., & Ross Johnston, R., & March, P., & Ljungdahl, L., & Holliday, M. (2010). Literacy: Reading, writing and children’s literacy (4th ed.). South Melbourne VIC: Oxford university press.

Industrial Training Research Paper on Esquire

AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Dept. of Textile Technology Course No: Tex-600 Course Title: Industrial Training Session: Fall 2010 REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING From 1st June 2011 to 30th July 2011 ESQUIRE KNIT COMPOSITE LTD 22/58, Kachpur, Sonargaon, Narayangonj Supervising Teacher Nahida Akter Lecturer Dept. of Textile Technology, AUST Report Submitted By- Name| ID| Md. Imtiaz Ahmed| 07. 01. 06. 0| Md. Iftekhar Hossain| 07. 01. 06. 067| Md. Husne Mubarak| 07. 01. 05. | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At first our gratefulness goes to Almighty Allah to give us strength & ability to complete the Industrial training.Industrial Training is an academic course of the Textile Technology Department of AUST. We want to thank Professor Dr. Mustafizur Rahman, Head, Department of Textile Technology, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, gave us an opportunity to choose preferable mill for Industrial Training. We chose Esquire Knit Composite Limited gracefully with the supervision of our teacher Mrs. Nahida Akter , Lecturer. We would like to thank her for her logical guidelines, constant inspirations necessary instructions and proper supervision.During the training in Esquire Knit Composite Limited we worked in all the departments related with the Wet Processing Section. We also worked sincerely in the Knitting Section, Maintenance and Effluent Treatment Plant. Moreover we learned about Quality Control Section, finished Fabric Inspection Section, finishing & specially dyeing. We would like to thank the management of Esquire Knit Composite Limited for giving us the opportunity to do industrial training successfully and also for their valuable suggestions. Our heartiest appreciation goes to Mr. Ehsanul Karim Kaiser, ED of operation EKCL and Mr.Hafizur Rahaman Nixon DGM (Fabric dyeing) for their permission to conduct our industrial training without which it would be incomplete. We would also like to thank Mr. Md. Zaman Manager (Fabric Dyeing) and Mr. Md Helal Sr. M anager (Fabric Finishing) for their insightful suggestions, guidelines and sharing their values with us. At last we want to thanks all the executives, senior executives and officials of EKCL for helping us to conduct industrial training successfully. Chapter 1: GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT FACTORY 1. NAME OF FACTORY: Esquire Knit Composite Ltd. 2. STATUS: Private Ltd. Company 3.NATURE OF BUSINESS: 100% Export oriented composite knit Dyeing 4. OWNER OF THE MILL: Md. Mofazzal Hossain. 5. LOCATION OF MILL: 22/58, Kanchpur, Sonargaon, Narayangonj. 6. HEAD OFFICE: Ideal Trade Centre (9th & 10th Floor) 102, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka. Tel: 9113161, 9129396 Fax. 880-02-812 E-mail: [email  protected] net 7. YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT: Fabric dyeing project: July-1993 Yarn dyeing project: September-1993 8. Project Cost: Taka 400, 00,000 9. Project Area: 200000 sq. feet 10. Total Manpower: a. Yarn Dyeing: 350 b.Embroidery: 120 c. Fabric Dyeing: 400 d. Maintenance: 150 e. Knit ting: 400 f. Garments: 4310 g. Printing: 150 h. Administration: 120 11. INSTALLED CAPACITY : 1. 54 Million kg 12. TOTAL TURNOVER: Average 13. PRODUCTION: a. Total:450 Metric ton per month b. Knitting: 12 tons/day c. Yarn dyeing: 8 tons/day d. Fabric dyeing: 15 tons/day e. Garments: 50000 pcs/day Site location of the mill WEST SOUTH NORTH Jatrabari Chowrasta EAST Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Esquire Knit Composite Limited Kachpur Bridge Sinha Textile Dhaka-Shylet Highway Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Different Departments:The mill has several sections to run smoothly, they are given bellow: * KNITTING SECTION: 1. Knitting 2. Inspection * KNIT DYEING SECTION: 1. Batch section 2. Store house for dyes &chemicals 3. Dyeing section 4. Lab & QC 5. Finishing * YARN DYEING SECTION: 1. Batch section 2. Store house for dyes &chemicals 3.Dyeing section 4. Lab & QC 5. Finishing * GARMENTS SECTION: 1. Merchandising 2. Sample 3. Production * MAINTENANCE: 1. Electrical 2. Mechanical 3. Utility * ACCOUNTS & COMMERCIAL SECTION * PLANNING DEPARTMENT * HUMAN RESOURCE SECTION * ADMIN SECTION PRODUCT MIX: a) Knitted grey fabrics: Single jersey Plain Fabric, 1Ãâ€"1 Rib, 2Ãâ€"1 Rib, 2Ãâ€"2 Rib , Lycra single jersey, Lycra Rib, Interlock, Polo Pique, Lacoste(Single/Double), Engineering Stripe, Feeder Stripe, Drop needle, 2/3 Thread fleece(Brushed/Un-brushed), Collar & Cuff etc. ) Knit Garments: T-shirt, Polo shirt, Sweat shirt, Golf shirt, Cardigan, Jogging suit, Short/Trouser, Legging, Fashion dress & Children wears etc. COMPANY PROFILE About Esquire : Esquire group is one of the leading among manufacturers & suppliers of a comprehensive range of quality knitted fabrics, dyed fabrics , Dyed yarns 7 Garments products for different customer requirements . Our range of products include dyed yarn , Dyed of knitted fabrics, Grey fabrics; Single jersey, Double jersey, CVC Fleece, Terry fabrics, Plain interlock, PC, 100% Polyester fabrics, Grey Melange and final products is Garments & printing.An ISO 9001:2000 certified company; Esquire Group continues to play a leading role in the manufacturing of Quality Garments in Bangladesh with the intent to further strengthen its position for its quality products. With our decades of experience and extensive industry knowledge, we have been able to face the challenges of the global market place and deliver quality products in adherence with market standards and parameters. Whatever your specification or quantity desired, our expertise and quality of service always remain the same .Modern production and techniques and flexible procersses and procedures allow us to offer efficient service for small batch as well as large orders . Esquire knit Composite is a 100% export –oriented company and work with the objective of achieving maximum customer satifaction. The Company has adopt innovative procedures and practice to meet customer expectations everytime they deal with us. We always welcome any feedback or suggestions from clients in order to serve them better . Vision: We will work together to define and understand every process performed by the rganization and continuosly strive to improve the quality at defferet stage of production and supply. Our aim is to grow by providing standard and superior dyeing products and Garments and support services that are always astep ahead,Eco-frriendly , and loved by our customers . We will give our customers every reason to rely on us and will achieve our vision by developing win-win partnership with our clients and open communications with our all stake holders including associates , customers and suppliers . Mision:Our mission is to lead the industry to the front with complete commitment and dedication on standards , Quality, productivity and customer satisfaction . Esquire Team : Another major asset to our sophisticated production facilities and technical expertise is our team of experienced and qualified people who are committed to achieve maximum customer satisfacti on by delivering superior value products . The team works under the able guidance of our chairman Mr. Mofazzol Hossain , under whose leadership, The company has reached so far in this business. Our senior management include * Mr. Mofazzol Hossain-(Chairman) Esquire group Mr. Ehsanul Habib- Managing Director (M. D) * Mr. Ehsanul Karim Kaiser-General Manager(G. M) * Dr. Md. Ali Haider-G. M(R&D) * Mr. A. S. M. Hafizur Rahman-DGM (Fabric dyeing) * Mr. Nazrul Islam Khan-AGM (Garments) * Mr. Faroqure rahman-AGM (Yarn dyeing) REMARKS : Esquire knit composite Ltd. is a member of Esquire group of companies , a leading house of industries and commerce in Bangladesh . It contains Esquire Electronics , Esquire knit composite , Esquire Knit Wears, Esquire Dyeing Industry , Esquire sourcing , MMH textiles , Fashion Paradise Ltd. CHAPTER 02 Raw Material RAW MATERIAL:Raw material is a unique substance in any production oriented textile industry. It plays a vital role in case of continuous productio n & for high quality fabric. The EKCL always try to use high quality raw material to export high quality and world class product. Raw material for knitting: Yarn Count Cotton:20/1s ,24/1s, 26/1s,30/1s,40/1s) Polyester:50/D,75/D, 100/D Lycra:120/D PC:30/1s CVC:30/1s Gray Millenge:28/1 s Raw material for yarn dyeing: Yarn: Cotton(20/1s,24/1s,26/1s,30/1s,40/1s), Polyester (50/D, 75/D100/D), Lycra (120/D), PC(30/1s), CVC(30/1s) Thread Dyes: Remazol, Ciba, Bezaktive SLF, Drimarene, Kimsoline.Auxiliaries: Raw material for Fabric dyeing: Fabric: Single Jersey, Lycra Single jersey, 1? 1 Rib, 2? 1 Rib, 2? 2 Rib, Lycra Rib, Interlock, Single lacoste, Double lacoste, Terry fleece, Polo pique, Lycra fleece, Gray Millenge. Dyes: Dyes list is given in the next page Auxiliaries: Auxiliaries list is given after dyes list Chemicals & Auxiliaries used in EKCL: Sr. No. | Type| Chemical Name| Supplier| 01. | Acid donor| 01. | DYAPOL-AB| DYAPOL| | | 02. | MEROPAN-CIT| CHT| | | 03. | OPTAVON-4UD| ZSCHIME R & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | SANDASID PB| CLARIANT| | | 05. | SENTAVIN RCO| H & M LTD. | 2. | Anti-creasing Agent| 01. | ALBAFLUID CD| HUNTSMAN| | | 02. | BIAVIN 109 (10% Sol. )| CHT| | | 03. | BIAVIN SFT (10% Sol. )| CHT| | | 04. | Cibafluid C| N/A| | | 05. | JINSOFTER-ACN| JINTEX| | | 06. | JINSOFTER CBA| JINTEX| | | 07. | JINSOFTER BSK| JINTEX| 03. | Antifoaming agent| 01. | ALBATEX FFC (10% Sol. )| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 02. | CIBAFLOW Jet| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 03. | CONTIPON S (10% Sol. ) | ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | JINDAFOAM JET| JINTEX| | | 05. | CROSCOLOR CDA| EURO DYE CTC| | | 06. | CROSCOLOR NJA| N/A| | | 07. | CROSCOLOR PTM| H & M LTD. | | | 08. | TISSOCYL RC9| H & M LTD. | | 09. | Zetafoam Zero (5% Sol. )| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 04. | Anti-pilling Enzyme| 01. | Al-Chemi (Conj)| N/A| | | 02. | BEIZYM TEC| HUNTSMAN| | | 03. | Bio-polish| Tex Resources| | | 04. | Biotex PIL(30% Sol. )| N/A| | | 05. | DELTA-BP| H. P. CHEMICALS| | | 06. | Ecotouch| Quality Colour & Chem. LTD. | | | 07. | Fibrilase HD 350| N/A| | | 08. | FORYLASE-DLS 170| N/A| | | 09. | HDL-160| Ablu| | | 10. | JINTEXME OEM| JINTEX| | | 11. | Liquid Enzyme| N/A| | | 12. | MEGA-EH3| Ablu| | | 13. | Retrocell PL7X| H & M LTD. | | | 14. | Retrocell ELX| H & M LTD. | | | 15. | Retrocell PLEX| N/A| | | 16. Retrocell-PLX-TRA| FINTEX TRADING CORP. | | | 17. | ROCKSOFT TM BIO-ACE| dyadic International| | | 18. | SILTEX PE40| CRECOON PVT LTD (PAK)| 05. | Creasing agent| 01. | INVATEX SA| HUNTSMAN| 06. | Detergent| 01. | INVATEX DA| HUNTSMAN| 07. | Dispersing agent| 01. | Domapol-B-conc. | N/A| | | 02. | DYAPOL XLF| ZSCHIMER & SCH | | | 03. | INVATEX AC| HUNTSMAN| | | 04. | OPTAVON SV| H & M LTD. | | | 05. | SETAMOL BL| BASF| | | 06. | SETAMOL WS| N/A| 08. | Emulsifier| 01. | MA-Humi-W(terge AP)| Elitte Textile| 09. | Enzymatic Killer| 01. | SILTEX ASILON OL| CRECOON PVT LTD. (PAK)| 10. | Fixing Agent| 01. ALBAFIX ECO| HUNTSMAN| | | 02. | ALCOFIX R| N/A| | | 03. | JINFIXER| JINTEX| | | 04. | ZETAFIX-R-( WER)| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | ZETAFIX WER| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 06. | Zetasal-WER| JINTEX| | | 07. | TAIGAL N-600| N/A| 11. | General Chemicals| 01. | ACETIC ACID| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 02. | BLEACHING POWDER| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 03. | Biorol-JK| N/A| | | 04. | CAUSTIC SODA (Pearls)| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM LTD| | | 05. | Chelam-NEX| N/A| | | 06. | Common Salt (Sikder)| N/A| | | 07. | DISODIUM PHOSPHATE| N/A| | | 08. | GLAUBER SALT| GRASSIM IND. LTD| | | 09. | Green-Acid (Jintex-CPS)| JINTEX| | | 10. GREEN ACID (Jintex-CPS)| N/A| | | 11. | GSS. | FINTEX TRADING| | | 12. | H2O2 (35%)| H. P. CHEMICALS| | | | | | | | 13. | H2O2 (50%)| CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD| | | 14. | JINTEX RH| JINTEX| | | 15. | Lazim PE| N/A| | | 16. | Lubisol-AM| N/A| | | 17. | SCOURNER BF-70| N/A| | | 18. | SETAVIN AS| N/A| | | 19. | Soda Ash| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 20. | Sodium Hydros| NIMIR SPECIALLY CHEMICAL LTD. | | | 21. | Soda PS| SHUNG SHUNG CHEM. COM. LTD. | | | 22. | TRI SODIUM PHOSP HATE| N/A| | | 23. | Viscobleach| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM. (SA)| | | 24. | Viscocolor| ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM. (SA)| 12. | Levelling agent(For Reactive dyes)| 01. Ablutex-STR| Ablu| | | 02. | ALBATEX LD| HUNTSMAN| | | 03. | Alcoperse AD| N/A| | | 04. | BITGEN DL/P| N/A| | | 05. | CROSCOLOR ADM| H & M LTD. | | | 06. | CROSCOLOR HPJS| H & M LTD. | | | 07. | JINLEV CL-225| JINTEX| | | 08. | JINTEX RLA| JINTEX| | | 09. | Levajol-RL| N/A| | | 10. | MA SCOUR AIN (Perp-IN)| Ellite Textile| | | 11. | Sera-Gal-C-FTR| Scarlet Services| | | 12. | TAIGAL NL-4DH| N/A| | | 13. | TAIGAL SET| N/A| | Levelling agent(For Dispersedyes)| 01. | CROSPREP PBS| H & M LTD. | | | 02. | Doregal-SFD| N/A| | | 03. | DYAPOL-XLF| DYAPOL| | | 04. | JINLEV RLF| JINTEX| | | 05. | LYOGEN PES LIQUID-200| JINTEX| 3. | Peroxide Killer| 01. | Catalase BF| CHT| | | 02. | LORINOL ULTRA-125| N/A| | | 03. | R-THN/Catalase BF| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | Setavan-PK(THN) 50%| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | Reduzol PK (50% Sol. )| N/A| 14. | Reducing agent| 01. | IRGASOL DAM| CIBA CHEMICALS| | | 02. | MCL-TH| CLARIANT| | | 03. | Meropan / Redulite Red| CHT| | | 04. | Redulite – RED| CHT| | | | | | | | 05. | REDUPAL SU| CLARIANT| | | 06. | Zetasol – OR| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 15. | Sequestering agent| 01. | ANTISIL CONZ| N/A| | | 02. | HEPTOL KEB| CHT| | | 03. | JINTEXALATE SQ-117| JINTEX| | | 04. | LADIQUEST 1097| CLARIANT| | 05. | MEROPAN DPE| CHT| | | 06. | SECURON-C| COGNIS| | | 07. | Trilon – TB| BASF| | | 08. | TRILON TB (10% Sol. )| CLARIANT| 16. | Silicone| 01. | MICROCIL AM| SILVIA| 17. | Soaping agent| 01. | ASUTOL-PA| Ablu| | | 02. | CEREFAST CRD| N/A| | | 03. | COTOBLANCE NSR | CHT| | | 04. | ERIOPON R| HUNTSMAN| | | 05. | JINTEXALATE QSE| JINTEX| | | 06. | REACTIVE W| Texotech| 18. | Softener| 01. | Astrost SA (10% Sol. )| N/A| | | 02. | Bevasoft – CF (10% Sol. )| N/A| | | 03. | CROSOFT NBC (10% Sol. )| EURO-DYE CTC| | | 04. | Decosoft Jcc (10% Sol. )| Tex Color Int. | | | 05. | INSOFT CL (10% Sol. )| NIMIR SPECIALLY CHEMICAL LTD. | | 06. | JINSOFT AW-509| JINTEX| | | 07. | JINSOFTER FS/CS| JINTEX| | | 08. | Jinsofter ME| N/A| | | 09. | Jinsofter NF (10% Sol. )| JINTEX| | | 10. | JINSOFTER WCS-(FLAKES)| JINTEX| | | 11. | Ma-Smooth AL| EURO-DYE CTC| | | 12. | MEGASOFT FMG| HUNTSMAN| | | 13. | TUBINGAL| CHT| 19. | Washing agent| 01. | Ablutex BBV| Ablu| | | 02. | FELOSAN NOF| CHT| | | 03. | Flock-BM/Hydrostat-BM| N/A| | | 04. | Hydrostat BM| N/A| | | 05. | MA Disp-ARE (SOAP REA)| Ellite Textile| | | 06. | SCOURNER S-300| N/A| | | 07. | SINCAL – MED| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 08. | SQ-117| JINTEX| | | 09. | STAIN REMOVER| N/A| | | 10. ZETASOL SPECIAL| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| 20. | Wetting agent | 01. | Ablutex AP-500| Ablu| | | 02. | Ablutex -AP-750 (42% Sol. )| Ablu| | | 03. | AMIDOPAL PB| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 04. | APRETAN EM| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 05. | ASILON OIL| MM TRADING| | | 06. | Chtex BS-401| Centary Faith Industrial Ltd. | | | 07. | Crosquent DS| H & M LTD. | | | 08. | DEPICOL RC-9| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 09. | DIAMUL SHC| YORKSITE| | | 10. | DYAPOL HWF| H & M LTD. | | | 11. | FELOSAN RGN| CHT| | | 12. | FORYI 146 (CONC. )| COGNIS| | | 13. | JINTERGE SCF Cond| N/A| | | 14. | JKY| T.CORPORATION| | | 15. | Lorinal R. K| N/A| | | 16. | MA-Lizen XLC| Ellite Textile| | | 17. | Optavon-AC-BL-100(ABC)| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 18. | Optavon 4UD| H & M LTD. | | | 19. | PERLAVIN NDA| N/A| | | 20. | RADUZIN ABC| Ablu| | | 21. | RADUZIN ABC| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 22. | RADUZIN AC-BL-100| ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ| | | 23. | Zetasal WER (10% Sol. )| N/A| PRODUCTION PLANNING & SEQUENCE OF OPERATION Introduction and Basic Procedure of Planning and Control : A planned work brings success. Without planning nothing is completed within the required time. So planning has its own importance which is intolerable. Planning† gives a scheduled task and ‘control' completes it successfully. But production planning and cont rol is not an easy task. So EKCL has a self-sufficient and high-performance department called â€Å"Production Planning & Control†. Its Basic working procedure is as follows : 1. Taking orders from marketing division. 2. Analyzing the orders. 3. Planning for knitting the fabric. 4. Planning for dyeing the fabric. 5. Planning for finishing the fabric. It is only a basic procedure. It may change according to the type of order. Sometimes, order is places only for finishing the material or only for dyeing the white goods.Then some steps are omitted for planning procedure. 1. Taking orders from marketing division: EKCL marketing division supplies Fabric Orders to the Planning and control division by a special format. 2. Analyzing the orders: This section analyze the orders according to buyers, Order Quantity, type of orders (i. e. type of fabric, color to be dyed etc. ), delivery date etc. Then it selects which M/C. to use, no of M/C. to use, time required for production etc. This section plans for required quantity of fabric to be knitted (Order quantity + 6% of Order Quantity), knitting balance, fabric need to be dyed.Dyeing balance, RFD (Ready for delivery), RFD balance, delivered fabric and delivery balance. 3. Planning for knitting : This section plans for knitting production. It selects machine for knit the fabric for specific type of fabric, type of yarn used, required GSM, width etc. It also gives delivery data for knitted fabric. It also places orders for buying of yarn from spinning mills by a specific schedule. 4. Planning for dyeing the fabric: Production planning for dyeing is called ‘Batch Plan'. According to the batch no. And color, width, style and construction the batch plan is made. For easy understand this section gives some ‘T. cards. ‘T' cards are serialized according to the priority of delivery. The batches and ‘T' cards also serialized as to dye light shade at first and lastly the dark shades, since faulty shade s can be converted to dark color later. 5. Planning for finishing the fabric: Finishing schedule is same us the dyeing. After dyeing the material goes to the finishing section with the batch plan. Finished data is written to the batch card and is informed to the planning section. However, this section always enforces to all the departments to finish all the works within the delivery time given by the buyers.This section delivers materials by truck, micro, air etc to the customer within the meantime. Thus it plays a very important role in the success of the company. Production planning: Marketing Lab dip Lab dip approval Sample production Sample approval and order for bulk production Knitting Sample production according to buyer recommendation Bulk knitting production Batching Pre- treatment Dyeing Finishing Packing Ready for delivery (RFD) Garments section SEQUENCE OF OPERATION : Knitting Grey inspection Batch preparation White Processing Pretreatment Cotton dyeing Polyester dyeing Hydro-extracting Dewatering Drying CompactingFinal Inspection inspection Finished store Delivery to Garment industry Lab Section Lay out for Lab Chemicals Dexter HT Dyeing m/c Lab table Wash fast UN-1 Mathis Labomat Digi Oven Ahiba Naunce Rapid dyeing m/c Ahiba Naunce Rapid dyeing m/c Ahiba sample dyeing-1Robolab-1 Robolab-2 Trumble dryer Washactor-2 Spectophotometer-1 Lab Office Washactor-1 Spectophotometer-2 Lab ; Quality Control machines ; apparatus Specification SL. No. | Specification| SL. No. | Specification| 01. | ROBOLABModel No. : XPNManufacturer : Sclavous InternationalMade in :GreeceFunction :1. Making stock solution accurately. 2. Auto dispersing of given recipe. MACHINE TYPE :Robolab XPNMANUFACTURED BY â€Å"TALOS†-66100DRAMA GR MANUFACTURE IN YEAR :2009SERIAL No. 0963TOTAL WEIGHT : 800 KGPOWER : 4 KWELECTRICAL FEATURES : 220v 50HzPHASES : 1 MAX. CURRENT : 20 A | 02. | ROBOLABModel No. : XPNManufacturer : Sclavous InternationalMade in :GreeceFunction :1. Maki ng stock solution accurately. 2. Auto dispersing of given recipe. MACHINE TYPE :Robolab XPNMANUFACTURED BY â€Å"TALOS†-66100DRAMA GR MANUFACTURE IN YEAR :2009SERIAL No. : 0963TOTAL WEIGHT : 800 KGPOWER : 4 KWELECTRICAL FEATURES : 220v 50HzPHASES : 1 MAX. CURRENT : 20 A| 03. | Ahiba IRSample Dyeing machineModel No. : USTCManufacturer : USAFunction :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. f pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢ family of solutions| 04. | Ahiba NuanceSample Dyeing machineModel No. : ECOManufacturer : Datacolor Function :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢| 05. | Ahiba NuanceSample Dyeing machineModel No. : ECOMade in : USAManufacturer : Datacolor Function :1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 20Brand : datacolor SPECTRUMâ„ ¢| 06. | MATHIS LabomatSample Dyeing machineModel No. : AGCH-8156Manufacturer : Warner MathisFunction :1.Sample dy eing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24| 07. | Dexter – High Temperature Dyeing machineModel No. : 73Manufacturer : Yuan Shen Enterprise Ltd. Made in : TaiwanFunction :1. Sample dyeing in high temperatureTemperature maintained by Glycerine bath. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 Dexter ®PH : 3 ,VOLT : 220 Hz , INPUT : 9 KWMODEL No. :73 DATE : 93 07YUAN SHEN ENTERPRISE CO. LTD. | 08. | Wash Fast UNIModel No. : 60351Serl. No. : 145338 Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105C06,C01 AATC-61/135)Function :1. For checking color fastness after washing.No. of pots in the bath : 08 | 09. | DIGIOVENModel No. : C1301Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105E 01, E 04/AATCC-107/15-2002)Function :1. Sample drying for perspiration ; water fastness test. | 10. | PERSPIRPMETERModel No. : C2301Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : IndiaMethod used : (ISO-105 E 01,E 04/AATCC-107/15-2002)Function :1. For checking color fastn ess to perspiration. | 11. | RAPID DYEING MACHINEFunction :1. Sample dyeing . 2. Wash-off the dyed sample. 3. Different pretreatment for dyeing. >Required time can’t set in this machine . No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 | 12. RAPID DYEING MACHINEFunction :1. Sample dyeing . 2. Wash-off the dyed sample. 3. Different pretreatment for dyeing. >Can pre set the dyeing time. No. of pots in the dye bath : 24 | 13. | TUMBLE DRYERModel No. : T4130Manufacturer : ElectroluxMethod used : (ISO-6330/AATCC-135)Made in : SwedenType : Front LoadingFunction :1. For drying fabrics/Garments after wash . | 14. | WASCATORModel No. : F0M71CLSManufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : SwedenMethod used : (ISO 6330-2000 ISO 3759-1999 ISO 5077-1984) (DIN EN 25077/26330-1994)Type : Front loading , Rotating drum .Function :1. For checking appearance after wash . 2. For checking dimensional stability . | 15. | WASCATORModel No. : F0M71CLSManufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : SwedenMethod used : (ISO 6330-2000 ISO 3759-1999 ISO 5077-1984) (DIN EN 25077/26330-1994)Type : Front loading , Rotating drum . Function :1. For checking appearance after wash . 2. For checking dimensional stability . | 16. | SPECTROPHOTOMETERModel No. : SF600X(Spectraflash)Manufacturer : ElectroluxMade in : USASoftware Used :1. DCI match. 2. Color toolsFunction :1. Color matching . 2.Measuring color difference . 3. Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample. 4. Measuring the strength of dyestuff. | 17. | SPECTROPHOTOMETERModel No. : CM-3600dManufacturer : MinoltaMade in : IndiaSoftware Used :1. JaypakFunction :1. Color matching . 2. Measuring color difference . 3. Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample. 4. Measuring the strength of dyestuff. | 18. | PRECISION OVENSample dryerModel No. : DO-452Manufacturer: JF Instrument Co. LtdMade in : TaiwanFunction :1. Sample drying after washing ; drying . | 19. | CROCKMETERJames H. Heal ; Co. Ltd. Halifax , HX 36EP , England. | 20. | CROCKMETER Model No. 125302Manufacturer : RoachesMade in : EnglandMethod used : (ISO–105X12 / AATCC-8)Function :1. For checking color fastness to rubbing of yarn . | 21. | Wrap Reel ; Balance(Yarn count tester)Model No. : Roaches International Ltd. Made in : EnglandFunction :1. To determine Yarn count . | 22. | Yarn Appearance Tester(Auto winder RB)Model No. : Y0831Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Function :1. Checking eveness of yarn ; grading accordingly . | 23. | Unistretch M/CModel No. : C0501Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :1. Button / Snap pull test : IHTM020/ASTM 4846. 2. Seam slippage : UNI 9743/BS 33203.Lea strength : ISO 6939/ASTM D 15784. Single yarn strength test :ASTM D2256| 24. | Mag Sun FastModel No. : C 0605Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-105B02/AATCC-3Function :1. For checking color fastness to light . | 25. | Auto Burst 28(Bursting Strength Tester)Model No. : C 0601Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-13928-2/1 2945-1ASTM D 3787 , 3786Function :1. To measure bursting strength to fabric . | 26. | Auto pill(Pilling Tester)Model No. : C 1401Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Method used :ISO-12945-1,2Function :1. To check pilling of fabric. | 27. | pH MeterModel No. 6173Function :1. To measure pH value . | 28. | Friction TesterModel No. : TextechnoManufacturer : ReibwertwaageMade in : GermanyFunction :1. To measure co-efficient of friction . | 29. | Grey Scale ISO 105-A03 : 1993 BSEN 20105-A03 : 1995 BS 1006-A03 : 1990 SDC Standard Methods 5th Edition A03 Grey Scale (Two scale) For : >Assessing staining . >Assessing color change . | 30. | Matching BoothLIGHT BOX 9 (Supervision 2C)(Visual color matching chamber)Model No. : G0201Manufacturer : Mag EngineersMade in : India Function :1. Checking color difference under different light source. Like D65 ,TL84 , UV , CWF etc. | 31. Matching BoothLIGHT BOX (Century Faith)(Visual color matching chamber)Model No. : 70080Function :1. Checking co lor difference under different light source. Like D65 ,TL84 , UV , CWF etc. | 32. | Q – SUNXenon Test ChamberLight Fastness TesterModel No. : B02| Recipe formulation Buyer can give fabric sample or colour code. So at first the colour is to identify if the buyer gives colour code or pantone number. It is easier to formulate recipe by spectrophotometer from colour code or pantone number because they are very specific. But if it is fabric sample then with the help of spectrophotometer several numbers of recipes are to formulate.Process flow chart of lab Swatch from buyer Checking the quality parameter Recipe Formulation Record Matching Visually Recipe Correction Exact matching with swatch Two or more options of Lab-dip send to buyer Approved Not Approved Go for production Matching Re-Lab-dip Chemicals used in lab For Cotton Scouring and Bleaching: YARN| Name| Amount| Function| Cottoclarin-KD| 1. 25 g/l| Soaping agent| Stabilol-ZM| 0. 4 g/l| Peroxide killer| Securon-C| 0. 75 g/l| Sequestering agent| Caustic| 2 g/l| Scouring agent| H2O2| 4. 0 g/l| Bleaching agent|Acetic acid| 1 g/l| Neutralization| Name| Amount| Function | Reduzin-ABC| 2 g/l| Wetting agent| Jinsofter-BSK| 0. 75-1. 5 g/l| Anticreasing agent| Jintexalate-SQ117| 1 g/l| Sequestering agent| Contavan-GAL| 0. 75 g/l| Stabilizer| Caustic| 2. 5 g/l| Scouring agent| H2O2| 4. 5 g/l| Bleaching agent| Fabric| For Cotton dyeing| Name| Amount| Function| Ladiquest-1097| 1 g/l| Sequestering agent| Jinsofter-BSK| 1 g/l| Anticreasing agent| Jinlev CL-225| 1. 5 g/l| Levelling agent| Formic Acid| 0. 1 g/l| Controlling pH| Glauber salt | | For Fixation| Soda| | For fixation ; contolling pH| For Washing| Name| Amount| Function|Jintexalate-QSE| 1. 5 cc| Soaping agent| Cotoblance-NSR| 1. 5 cc| Soaping agent| Acetic Acid| | Neutralization| For Polyester Dyeing| Name| Amount| Function| Dyapol-AB| 1 g/l| Acid donar| Setamol-WS| 0. 75 g/l| Dispersing agent| Jinlev-RLF| 0. 5 g/l| Levelling agent| Acetic acid| 0. 6 g/l| C ontrolling pH| Deragal-SFD| 1 g/l| Buffering + Dispersing agent| Domapol B. Conc. | 2 g/l| Buffering + Dispersing agent| For Reduction Clearing| Name| Amount| Function| Hydrose| 2 g/l| Reducing agent| Caustic| 2 g/l| Reducing agent| Salt-Soda Chart Amcazol Shade %| Up to 0. 05| 0. 05-0. 075| 0. 075-0. 10| 0. 1-0. 2| 0. 2-0. 3| 0. 3-0. | 0. 4-0. 5| 0. 5-0. 6| Salt(g/l)| 2| 3| 5| 7| 9| 12| 16| 20| Soda(g/l)| 2| 3| 4| 5| 7| 8| 9| 10| Shade %| 0. 6-0. 7| 0. 7-0. 8| 0. 8-0. 9| 0. 9-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 20| 1. 2-1. 4| 1. 4-1. 6| 1. 6-1. 8| Salt(g/l)| 22| 24| 26| 28| 32| 34| 38| 42| Soda(g/l)| 11| 12| 12| 13| 13| 14| 15| 16| Shade %| 1. 8-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 46| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 18| 20| 20| Bezctive Shade %| ; 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4. 0-5. 0| Salt(g/l)| 10| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 70| Soda(g/l)| 5| 10| 15| 20| 20| 25| 25| Shade %| 5-6| 6;| Salt(g/l)| 80| 90| Soda(g/l)| 25| 25| Remazol Shade %| ;0. 1| 0. | Up to 1. 0| Up to 2. 0%| 2-3%| 3-5%| Sal t(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 3| 3| 10| 13| 15| 20| Imcozine Shade %| ;0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| ;3. 0| Salt(g/l)| 30| 45| 60| 70| 90| Soda(g/l)| 8| 12| 18| 20| 25| Cibacron Shade %| ;0. 01| 0. 01-0. 05| 0. 05-0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| Salt(g/l)| 20| 20| 20| 25| 30| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 6| 6| 6| 8| 10| 12. 5| 15| Shade %| 3. 0-4. 0| 4. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 17. 5| 20| Kimsoline Shade %| Up to 0. 05| 0. 05-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 5| 1. 5-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4-6| 6-8| Above 8| Salt(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 55| 60| 80| 100|Soda(g/l)| 10| 13| 15| 18| 20| 20| 20| 20| Synozol Shade %| Below 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 10| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| Soda(g/l)| 8| 10| 13| 16| 18| 20| Levafix CA Shade %| ;0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-5. 0| ;5. 0| Salt(g/l)| 15| 20| 35| 50| 60| 80| 80| Soda(g/l)| 5| 7| 10| 13| 15| 20| 20| Drimarine CL Shade %| ;0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1-1. 5| 1. 5-2| 2. 0-3| ;3| Sa lt(g/l)| 20-50| 60| 65| 70| 80| 80| Soda(g/l)| 5| 10| 15| 18| 20| 20| Drimarine EX-XN Shade %| ;1. 0| 1. 0-3. 0| 3. 0 above| Salt(g/l)| 20-40| 40-60| 60-80| Soda(g/l)| 5. -10| 10-15| 15-20| Revatol S| 1. 0-2. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| Sumifix Shade %| 0. 1| 0. 1-0. 3| 0. 3-0. 6| 0. 6-1. 0| 1. 0-1. 5| 1. 5-3. 0| 3. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 3| 7| 10| 15| 20| 40| 50| Soda(g/l)| 10| 10| 15| 15| 20| 20| 20| Dychufix Shade %| 0. 05-0. 1| 0. 1-0. 5| 0. 5-1. 0| 1. 0-2. 0| 2. 0-3. 0| 3. 0-4. 0| 4| Salt(g/l)| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 70| 80| Soda(g/l)| 10| 15| 20| 20| 20| 20| 20| Shade %| 3. 0-4 | 4. 0+| Salt(g/l)| 60| 80| Soda(g/l)| 17. 5| 20| Sequence of dyeing 100% cotton fabric in lab Select bleach fabric (5 gm) Recipe making Select dyes Dyeing Hot wash Neutralization Soaping Cold washDrying Match with standard sample yes Bulk production Sequence of dyeing Polyester/Cotton fabric in lab Select bleach fabric ( 5 gm ) Carbonizing of cotton part Fabric weight measure with carbonized part Recipe making Selec t dyes Dyeing of polyester part Matching dyed PES part with standard yes Dyeing of cotton part Hot wash Neutralization Soaping Cold wash Drying Total sample match with standard sample yes Bulk production Calculation: Usually following calculations are followed – Recipe % ? Sample Weight ** Dye Solution = (cc). Stock solution % g/L ? Total Liquor ** Salt (cc) Stock solution ? 1000 g/L ?Total Liquor ** Soda Solution = (cc). Stock solution ? 1000 g/L ? Total Liquor ** Chemicals = (cc). Stock solution ? 1000 Problems for lab-dip : -Shade variation ( major problem ) . -Soda or alkali spot come. -Metamerism problem . Problems overcome by : -Dye adjust between std. and lab-dip. -Accurate dyes and chemical measure. -By shading (additional way). -By stripping. Samples send to buyer: Now for every separate sample dyeing with separate recipe are send to buyer for approval. The buyer approves one sample and the recipe of that approved sample is now send to dyeing section. Batching Sectio n Batch Section Batching:Batching preparation is the process where visually inspected grey fabrics are divided into different batches with reasonable quantity in order to make them suitable for the further operation. During batching the following factors are considered: 1 1. Order priority 2 2. Yarn type 3 3. Yarn dyed/Color (Light-medium/Deep) 4 4. Fabric quantity 5 5. Capacity of available machines 6 Proper batching criteria: To use maximum capacity of existing dyeing m/c To ensure every dyeing m/c running in full production. To minimize the m/c washing time or preparation time. To keep the no of batch as less as possible for same shade, etc.Batch Preparation Process sequence of Batch preparation receive batch card from Grey In-charge Make the priority as per dyeing plan Take one specific Batch card. Check the availability of fabric Take required quantity of body fabric from store Make required no. of Rope maintaining equal length Take collar/cuff as per size, keep the total weigh t. Distribute the collar /cuff or Rib in each rope equally unsure equal length Stitch the fabric Write down the weight against roll no. in the back side of the Batch Card Write the total weight in Batch Card Put signature ; date Fill the production report formSewing:â€Å"Sewing means stitching†. The necessity of sewing: -To adjust the rolls by sewing which is adjusted with hand by knotting in turning before sewing? -They fulfill the sewing row in process Route Card and fulfill the particular sewing chart then it goes for dyeing. Turning: Normally turning is done for those fabrics which are not same in both face ; back to protect the face side of fabric from any dust, spot, other color, machine corrosion or any visual or physical disturbance. The machine by which counting of rolls ; face/back side of fabric is opened is called turner machine. Fabric Dyeing SectionLayout and evacuation plan of fabric dyeing section Fabric Dyeing Machine Specification No. of Sample Dyeing Machi ne: 10 No. of Bulk Dyeing Machine: 17 List of Sample Dyeing Machine Sl No| Machine type| Specification| 01. | Fong’s-20| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-25SER. NO. : 24009628CERT. NO. :HKG-930003/2YEAR BUILT: 1999DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 1999SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY, Fongs Manufacturer : Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co.Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 20 Kg | 03. | Fong’s-30/2| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-30SER. NO. : 27013515CERT. NO. :HKG-0230011/4YEAR BUILT: 2002DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 2002SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY , Fongs Manufacturer : Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co. Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 30 Kg| 04. | Fong’s-120| M/C NO. : ALLFIT-120SER. NO. : 25010850CERT. NO. HKG-030008/3 7YEAR BUILT: 2000DESIGN CODE: BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 650 KPaTEST DATE : 2000SAFETY VALVE SET : 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY , Fongs Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co. Limited. Manufacturing Country : TaiwanCapacity: 120 Kg| 06. | HAF-30| CAPACITY:30 KGSTOTAL POWER:9 KWWORKING MEDIUM : WATER 240Lit. DATE : 2005. 4MFG. NO. : 2005-HAF-30-1MODEL : TGRU-HAF-1-30BODY MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? TOTAL WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE: S/T-5/4KG/cm?MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : S/T 158 °C/140 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%Manufacturer : TONG GENG ENTERPRISE CO. LTD Manufacturing Country : TAIWAN| 07. | ATHENA-50/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : GreeceSerial No. : 03-1B-2931Year Built : 2009Design Code : ASME vii DivSpecial Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemMaximum work pressure (MPa): . 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No . : 5. 621. 937Capacity : 50 KgElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 9 KW| 08. ATHENA-50/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : GreeceSerial No. : 03-1B-2932Year Built : 2009Design Code : ASME vii Div-1Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemMaximum work pressure (MPa): . 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5. 621. 937Capacity : 50 KgElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 9 KW | 09. | KRSNA(10 kg)/1| COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : AHMEDABAD , INDIATEL: +91-79-22818537 TELE FAX: +91-79-22823093/27680745EMAIL: [email  protected] com/infokrsnadyeingmachine. om Website: http://www. krsnadyeingmachine. com Serial No. 12/38 Year:10/09-10 Model :ATM| 10. | KRSNA(10 kg)/2| COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : AHMEDABAD , INDIATEL: +91-79-22818537 TELE FAX: +91-79-22823093/27680745EMAIL: [email  protected] c om/infokrsnadyeingmachine. com Website: http://www. krsnadyeingmachine. com Serial No. 13/38Year :10/09-10Model: ATM| Bulk production dyeing Machine Sr. No. | Machine type| Specification| 01. | ATH-1/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2/11Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. 8Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2005Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 33Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 19KW| 02. | ATH-1/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-250Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. 8Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construct ion : 2004Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 42Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 03. | ATH-1/3| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2874Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa): 0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 42Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 04. | ATH-1/4| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 250 KgNo. of Nozzle : 1Serial No. : 04-1A-2868Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year o f construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 73 AControl Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 24| 05. ATH-2/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 500 KgNo. of Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 04-2A-2870Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 2. 80Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 59 Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 35| 06. | ATH-2/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 500 KgNo. f Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 04-2A-2869Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-62 1-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 59 Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 35| 07. | ATH-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 04-3A-2607Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 2. Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2004Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 68Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 08. | ATH-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 04-3A-2880Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No . 5-621-937Year of construction : 2007Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 73Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 47| 09. | ATH-6| Brand Name : Athena2â„ ¢ by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 1500 KgNo. of Nozzle : 6Serial No. : 04-6A-2907Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa): 0. 28Testing pressure (bar):0. 40Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 142 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2009Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 134Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 88| 10. | AA-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 06-3A-2963Type : DSL 750 FMaximum working Temperature ( °C): 98Pmax. : 3. 55 KWVmax. : 3? 440 volt 50/60 HzPatent No. : 5-621-937Year o f construction : 2009Electronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 75Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 11. | AA-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 750 KgNo. f Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 06-3A-2964Type : DSL 750 FMaximum working Temperature ( °C): 98Pmax. : 3. 55 KWVmax. : 3? 440 volt 50/60 HzPatent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 2009Electronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 75Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 48| 12. | S. HT-2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 360 KgNo. of Nozzle : 2Serial No. : 03-2A-2193Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMa x. Current (A) : 44Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 25/185| 13. | S. HT-3/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 540 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 03-3A-22/1Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) : 50Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 36/26. 25 KW| 14. | S. HT-3/2| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 540 KgNo. of Nozzle : 3Serial No. : 03-3A-22/2Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):5. 3Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140 Patent No. : 5-621-937Year of construction : 1993Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine V oltage (V) : 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) : 50Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 36/26. 25 KW| 15. | S.HT-4/1| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 720 KgNo. of Nozzle : 4Serial No. : 03-4A-2305Design Code : ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. 5Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140Patent No. : 5-440-771Year of construction : 2000Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information : Machine Voltage (V) : 3? 400 ACMax. Current (A) : 64Control Voltage (V) : 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) : 39| 16. | S. HT-4/2>720| Brand Name : Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin : ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity : 720 KgNo. of Nozzle : 4Maximum work pressure (bar): 3. Testing pressure (bar):4. 0Maximum working Temperature ( °C): 140Special Features : AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemTotal Horse Power (HP) : 40| SPECIAL FEATURES OF SCLAVOS MACHINE : Twin soft flow system: The main pump liqour flow in sclavos is distributed into two nozzles achieving minimum pressure. The technical solution results in a perfact fabric transport ; liqour penetration at a very low nozzle pressure. The patented plaiting system ensures good storage of the fabric with the uniqe liqour bypass system diverting the biggest amont of liqour out side the chamber. This avoids abrasion of fabric surface.Advantages: * Less compacting system * Extended fabric liqour exchange * Reorientation of the rope at every turn * Vertical plaiting Aquacron: Revolutionary continuous wash system, diverting contaminated liquor at the exit of TSF outside the j box to a drain pipe. A continuous flow of either preheated (via Sclavos Heat Recovery) or cold water turns Sclavos into a virtually nonstop operation dyeing machine. Drainage of contaminated liquor via the liquor bypass avoids liquor dropping on to the stored fabric. High liquor renewal speed caused by very low liquor level during washing. Advantages: 1. Efficient wa shing effect. . Less water consumption. 3. Less temperature shocks when filling with cold water. 4. Precise calculation of water consumption. FULLY AUTOMATIC FUNCTION: * Automatic salt ; soda dosing system. * Automatic chemical injection system. * Automatic heat exchanging process. Ciba new process: Bleach+Enzyme Machine filling with water at normal Temperature Fabric loaded at normal temperature (36-400C) Chemicals {Contipon S (10%solution), Jintex Stab, Antisil Conz Jinsofter BSK , Ablutex-AP-750 (42% Soln)} Dozing at 60 0C ; Run for 4 min H2O2 (35% Soln) is added at 600C within 3-4 minute NaOH is added for 7 min at 700CRun time 20 min at1100C Cooling at 95-80 0C ; then aquachron is done for 12 min Absorbency test is done. Water is leveled Acetic Acid is added at 550C runtime 6 min Per oxide Killer (Raduzin-THN (50% Soln)) is added at 55C for 10 min, Per oxide is checked (if H2O2 = O) PH is Checked (PH=4. 8) Enzyme ( Retrocell PLX-TRA) at 550C run for 45 min Aquachron is done at 5 50C for 5 min Hot wash at 80 C for 20 min Aquachron is done at 550C for 5 min Water is leveled Dyeing (ciba new process): Dyeing auxiliaries(Jinlev-CL225, Antisil conz) and acitic acid /RL)is added at 600C for 30 min PH is Checked (PH= 6-6. 5 ) Runtime 20 minDyes is dosing at 600C 20min added at run for 10 min. Glauber salt dosing at 600C for 30 min and run for 20 min Soda dosing at 600C for 20 min [1st part] Soda dosing at 600C for 20 min[2nd part] After 5 min shade is checked If shade is not â€Å"OK† then it’s checked after every 5 min until matching If shade is â€Å"OK† Liquor is drained Water filling and aquacron is done for 25 min Soaping : Acid wash is done at 600C and run for 6 min for neutralization PH is checked (acidic condition) Soaping agent (Jintexalate QSE) is added at 950C ; run for 12 min Aquachron is done at 70 C for 5 min Hot wash at 900C run for 9 minAquachron is done for 10 min Drain out Nova Ciba Fixing: Fixing agent (WER)is added for 10 m in at 400C and run for 10 min Acidic acid +Dosssing Bevsoft-CF +Jinsofter –WCS is added for 10 min at 400C ; run for 20 min Unload Finishing Section Lay-out of the Finishing section DEWATERING ; SLITTING M/C Production Officers Room FINISHED Goods STENTER MACHINE – 02 STENTER MACHINE – 03 STENTER MACHINE -01 OFFLINE QUALITY CONTROL ROOM COMPACTORM/C- 03 LAFER COMPACTOR M/C-01 DEWATERING-2 DEWATERING-1 DRYER MACHINE FINISHED Goods FINISHED Goods COMPACTOR M/C C- 02 CALANDER M/C RAISING M/C SLITTING M/CSUEDING M/C Online QC Officers Table Finishing: After dyeing knit fabric is required to finish. During dyeing all knit fabric are dyed in tubular form. According to buyer’s requirement knit fabric are finished in open form or tubular form. Dyed Fabric from Dyeing Department Shade check Flow chart of finishing process Dewatering Open width Tubular form Dewatering Drying Slitting Calendering ; compactor Stentering/Dryer Final Inspection Open compactor Packing F inal Inspection Delivery Packing Delivery Machines of Finishing section M/C No. M/C Name| M/C specification| 01. | Hydro-1Dewatering M/C -1| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: SANTASTRETCH 140Com. Nr. : 3887Electr. diagr. Nr. : 95-3887Electr. Voltage: 3? 380V+N+E 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 8KWYear of Construction: 1995Made in Switzerland| 02. | Hydro-1Dewatering M/C -1| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: Santastretch PlusCom. Nr. : 5872Electr. diagr. Nr. : 03-5872Electr. Voltage: 3? 400+PEN 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 20 KWYear of Construction: 2003 Made in Switzerland| 03. | Slitting| bianco ® S. P. AMACCHINE TESSILIVial Industria, 4 -12051ALBA CN ITALIATel. 173/440402-(5 line r. a. )Fax:0173/34872-0173/297000-Telex-212357 BIANCOMACHINE: Linea TaglierinaSERIAL NO. : 960112CONSTRUCTION YEAR : 1996VELOCITA’MAX(m/min. ) : | 04. | Dewatering+Slitting| bianco ® S. P. AMACCHINE TESSILIVial Industria, 4 -12051ALBA CN ITAL IATel. 0173314111Fax : 01734872 Email : bianco-spa. comMACHINE: Linea TaglierinaSERIAL NO. : M04639-022215CONSTRUCTION YEAR : 2006VELOCITA’MAX(m/min. ) : 900| 05. | Dryer| LK ; LH CO. , LTD. TAIWAN TAIFEI| 06. | Calendering ; Compacting| SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType: SANTASPREAD 140Com. Nr. : 3889Electr. diagr. Nr. 95-3889Electr. Voltage: 3? 380V+N+E 230V 50 HzConnected Load: 8KWYear of Construction: 1995 Made in Switzerland| 07. | Stentering m/c1| LK ; LH CO. , LTD. | 08. | Stentering m/c-2| ICOMATEXTERRASS(SPAIN)TIPO DE MAQUINA : FL-3No. DE FABRICATION: 481ANO DE FABRICATION: 2005| 09. | Stentering m/c-3| ICOMATEXTERRASS(SPAIN)| 10. | Compacting m/c-1| FERRAROCONSTRUZIONI MECCANVia Busto Arsuzu,12021015 Lonate FozzoloITALYCOMPTEX7RA-2600 3957Year of Construction: 1998| 11. | Compacting m/c-2| TUBETEXC 2500 compactor| 12. | Compacting m/c-3| LaferSPA MACCHINE TESSILISEDE LEGALE,UFFICI E STABILIMENTO Via Laga di Garda no. 8 Z. I 36015-SCHIO (VI) ITALYMACCHINA : KSA 500ALTEZZA TAVOLA : 2600MATRICOLA : 10KS02767ANNO : 2009| 13. | Sueding m/c| LaferULTRASOFT-YTexen s. r. l. factory automationVia lago di vico , 4B 36015 schio (VI) Italytel : +39. 0445. 694101 fax. : 39. 0045. 694120www. laferspa. com/[email  protected] comSERIAL NO. /DRAWING NO. : N ° 10GSY2355PHASES NO. : N ° 3VOLTAGE : v 400FREQUENCY : Hz 50NOMINAL CURRENT : A 100INTERRUPTION CAPABILITY : KA 25| 14. | Raising m/c| Mario CostaM/C Type : MC-20/24Serial No. : 8969Power Supply : 3? 400 V 50/60HzYear : 2007 Month : 11Max. Power : 69 KWTensione asiliari : 24/5 VDCAux.Power Supply : 230/24 KWMade in Italy | Factor Consideration: Shrinkage control: -Shrinkage is controlled by proper over feeding. -To apply less or more over feed speed fabrics reduce along to length and increase along to width. Maximum 70 – 75% shrinkage is controlled by using it. GSM Control: -GSM is also controlled by applying proper over feeding speed. -If over feed is more than G SM is also more. -If Over feed speed is less then GSM is also is less. -If Dia is more than GSM of the fabric will less. -If Dia is less than the GSM of the fabric will more. N. B: If GSM of the fabric is OK then shrinkage is also OK.Dia Control: -Dia is controlled by dia controlling meter scale. -If any fault, GSM of the fabric is reduced then to increase the GSM of the fabric dia will have to be reduced (2 – 3) inch. -If Over feed speed is more than Dia of the fabric will be more. -If Over feed speed is less then Dia of the fabric will be less. -If length is more than width of the fabric is reduced. -If length is less then width of the fabric is more. N. B: Fabric speed is controlled on the fabric dia. Here, Dia less or More fully depends on yarn count and buyer order. Dia is done less or more by using expander rod.Finishing section is divided into two section, they are: -Open line -Tube line Production parameters: 1 1. Squeeze pressure 2 2. Fabric speed 3 3. Fabric tension 4 4. Temperature 5 5. Fabric diameter 6 6. Fabric GSM 7 7. Fabric shrinkage 8 8. Air pressure 9 9. Steam pressure 10 10. Softener Types of finishing: 1) Chemical finishing: * Chemical reaction of auxiliaries with fibers. * Application of the handle modifying products / additives. 2) Mechanical finishing: * Mechanical treatment with machines. The machines that are used in open line that are given bellow: 1. Slitting m/c 2. De-watering m/c 3. Stenter 5. CompactorThe machines that are used in tube line that are given bellow: 1. De-watering m/c 2. Dryer 3. Calendering ; Stentering Other machines: 2. Sueding m/c 3. Raising m/c Dewatering m/c: 01 After finishing the dyeing process from the dyeing machine then the fabrics are ready for de-watering. This is the process to remove the water from the fabric completely by squeezing. This is the main function of the de-watering machine. But here also control the some important factor of the fabric quality Function: 1. Reduce water content. 2. A pply chemicals specially to make the fabric soft. 3. Open the fabric from the rope form. . Shrinkage is controlled by overfeed mechanism Slitting m/c: 01 M/c name: bianco ® S. P. A Serial Nr. : 960112 Construction year: 1996 Highest Speed: 100M/min Running speed: 60-70 M/min Normal speed: 40-50 M/min N. B. : * Photocell detects Needle Mark ; according to the needle mark tube fabric is cut by the plate. * Fabric Diameter is set by Basket. * Fabric is spreaded by the basket. Purpose of the m/c: * To open the fabric from tubular form to open width form * Fabric is cut according to the needle mark. Dryer m/c: Drying: Drying is defined as a process where the liquid portion is evaporated from the fabric.Curing: Curing can be defined as a process following addition of a finish to textile fabrics in which materials are heated for a short time in elevated temperature to effect a chemical reaction Functions: 1. To dry the fabric with the help of steam 2. To control the shrinkage 3. To prepa re the fabric for next subsequent process 4. To dry fabric without tension Figure: Dryer Main parts of the machine: 1. Heating chamber 2. Blower 3. Synthetic blanket as a conveyor 4. Folder 5. Exhaust fan Heating system: * Gas fired Checking parameters: * Shade Check * Width check * Weight check * Compaction check Fault check : Operator checks – * Knitting faults * Spinning faults * Dyeing faults * Other faults * Edge check Yarn Dyeing Section Yarn dyeing machines and their specification SL No. | Machine Type| Spindle No. ;Bobbin no. | M/C Specification| 01. | Lab m/c (AL-6A)| Spindle No. : 016 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(1*6) =6| HEAT EXCHANGERSER NO. : 2901587-1CER. NO. : HKG. 043003/92DESIGN CODE: PD55002003CAT2YEAR BUILT: 2004CAPACITY: 6 KG JACKET SHELLDESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPa 520 KPaDESIGN TEMP. : 50 °C 140 °CHAYDRAULIC PR . 600 KPa 800 KPa TEST DATE : 2004 2004SAFETY VALVE SET: 400KPa 520kpaHEATING/COOLING MEDIUM: WATERTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTERFONGS NATIONAL ENG. (SHENZEN) CO. LTD| 02. | Lab m/c (AL-6B)| Spindle No. :016 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(1*6) =6| HEAT EXCHANGERSER NO. : 2901587-1CER. NO. : HKG. 043003/92DESIGN CODE: PD55002003CAT2YEAR BUILT: 2004CAPACITY: 6 KG JACKET SHELLDESIGN PRESSURE: 400 KPa 520KPaDESIGN TEMP. : 50 °C 140 °CHAYDRAULIC PR . 600 KPa 800 KPa TEST DATE : 2004 2004SAFETY VALVE SET: 400KPa 520kpaHEATING/COOLING MEDIUM: WATERTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTERFONGS NATIONAL ENG. (SHENZEN) CO. LTD| 03. | CH-10/1| Spindle No. :033 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(3*3) =9 | CAPACITY: 10 KGTOTAL POWER: 6 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER): 80 Lit. DATE : 2006. 11MFG. NO. : 2006-CH-10-3MODEL : TGCH-10BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTDTAIWAN| 04. | CH-10/2| Spindle No. :033 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(3*3) =9| CAPACITY:10 KGTOTAL POWER: 6 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER): 80 Lit. DATE : 2006. 11MFG. NO. : 2006-CH-10-3MODEL : TGCH-10BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 05. | CH-15/1| Spindle No. :044 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(4*4) =16| CAPACITY:15 KGM/C NO. : CAS-50L-4SER. NO. : 24009627CERT. NO. YKG 930003/4YEAR BUILT: 1999DESIGN CODE: BS55001997CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE: 660 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE : 140 °CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE: 1020 KPaTEST DATE : 1999SAFETY VALVE SET : 660 KPaTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTER Fongs| 06. | CH-15/2| Spindle No. :035 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*3) =15| CAPACITY:15 KGSTOTAL POWER:7 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):120Lit. DATE : 2005. 4MFG. NO. : 2005-CH-15-2MODEL : TGCH-15BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE: S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :S/T140 °C/183 °CNDT CLASS : RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTD TAIWAN| 08 . | CH-30/1| Spindle No. :057 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*7) =35| CAPACITY:30 KGSTOTAL POWER:9 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):240Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-30-1MODEL : TGCH-30BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 09. | CH-30/2| Spindle No. :057 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*7) =35| CAPACITY: 30 KGSTOTAL POWER: 9 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):240Lit.DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-30-1MODEL : TGCH-30BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 10. | CH-50/1| Spindle No. :087 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(8*7) =56| CAPACITY: 50 KGSTOTAL POWER: 12 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):400Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-50-2MODEL : TGCH-50BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8KG/cm?MAXIMUM WORKINGTEMP. : 140 °C TON G WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 11. | CH-50/2| Spindle No. :087 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(8*7) =56| CAPACITY: 50 KGSTOTAL POWER: 12 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):400Lit. DATE :1995-4MFG. NO. : 951-CH-50-2MODEL : TGCH-50BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. : 140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 12. | CH-100/1| Spindle No. 167 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(16*7) =112| CAPACITY: 100 KGSTOTAL POWER: 21 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):800Lit. DATE : 1995-6MFG. NO. : 951-CH-100MODEL : TGCH-100BODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 13. | CH-100/2| Spindle No. :167 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(16*7) =112| CAPACITY:100 KGSTOTAL POWER:21 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):800Lit. DATE :1995-6MFG. NO. : 951-CH-100MODEL : TGCH-100BODY OPER.PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TE ST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN| 14. | CH-200/1| Spindle No. :327 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(32*7) =224| CAPACITY: 200 KGSTOTAL POWER: 32 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):2000Lit. DATE :1993. 3MFG. NO. : 921-CH-200-10MODEL : TGCH-200KGBODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTD TAIWAN | 15. | CH-200/2| Spindle No. :327 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(32*7) =224| CAPACITY: 200 KGSTOTAL POWER: 32 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER):2000Lit. DATE :1993. 3MFG. NO. : 921-CH-200-10MODEL : TGCH-200KGBODY OPER. PRESSURE : 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE: 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE : 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. :140 °C TONG WU PRECIS