The role of Women in Julius Ceasar Essay -- Essays Papers

The role of Women in Julius Ceasar In the play â€Å"Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare, women play an important role. The women are important factors in foreshadowing and in the development of many of the characters. To look at the role of women in the play we must look deeper in to the roles of the only two women in the play; Calpurnia, wife of Caesar, and Portia, wife of Brutus. Both of these women are key in foreshadowing the murder of Caesar. After Caesar’s murder we do not hear much of either of them. The main thing Caesar’s wife, Calpurnia does in the play is tell Caesar to stay at home on the day of his murder because of many unnatural events that have taken place the night before and because she has had nightmares about his assassination. On the morning of the ides of march is the first time we meet Calpurnia, her entrance is act 2 scene one when she tells Caesar â€Å"You shall not stir out of your house today.† Caesar decides he shall â€Å"forth† until Calpurnia tells him why he shouldn’t go to the capitol today. Some of the reasons she included were:  · A lioness â€Å"whelped† in the streets.  · Graves opened and showed their dead people.  · Warriors of fire fought on the clouds and drizzled blood upon the capitol.  · Horses neighed and dead men groaned.  · Ghosts shrieked in the streets. She than showed her discomfort with these things by saying †O Caesar, these things are beyond all use, / and I do fear them.† Caesar says these are just as... The role of Women in Julius Ceasar Essay -- Essays Papers The role of Women in Julius Ceasar In the play â€Å"Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare, women play an important role. The women are important factors in foreshadowing and in the development of many of the characters. To look at the role of women in the play we must look deeper in to the roles of the only two women in the play; Calpurnia, wife of Caesar, and Portia, wife of Brutus. Both of these women are key in foreshadowing the murder of Caesar. After Caesar’s murder we do not hear much of either of them. The main thing Caesar’s wife, Calpurnia does in the play is tell Caesar to stay at home on the day of his murder because of many unnatural events that have taken place the night before and because she has had nightmares about his assassination. On the morning of the ides of march is the first time we meet Calpurnia, her entrance is act 2 scene one when she tells Caesar â€Å"You shall not stir out of your house today.† Caesar decides he shall â€Å"forth† until Calpurnia tells him why he shouldn’t go to the capitol today. Some of the reasons she included were:  · A lioness â€Å"whelped† in the streets.  · Graves opened and showed their dead people.  · Warriors of fire fought on the clouds and drizzled blood upon the capitol.  · Horses neighed and dead men groaned.  · Ghosts shrieked in the streets. She than showed her discomfort with these things by saying †O Caesar, these things are beyond all use, / and I do fear them.† Caesar says these are just as...

Role In Health Sector Reform Health And Social Care Essay

Thailand ‘s economic construction is altering toward more industrialisation and the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) increased about 7-9 % yearly from the late 1980s until 1996. The Thai economic system took an unexpected downswing in 1996. The Bank of Thailand forecast the growing rate of Thai economic system would spread out at a rate of 2.0-3.0 per centum merely, caused by the hapless public presentation of exports and private sector investing. Import growing besides declined during 1996. Decelerating the growing in imports entirely can non better the state ‘s current history shortage significantly. The shortage remains an economic job of major concern.A However, the economic stableness believes to be improved as a consequence of abrasiveness policies or outgo cuts and nest eggs acceleration. The budget shortage will be about 40,000 million tical.Factors Determining HealthHealth and Health Status are influenced by assorted factors viz. the state of affairss and tendencie s of economic, societal, political, administrative, physical environment, substructure development and engineering development. In amount, the economic growing and construction have made alterations in the ingestion form of Thai people. Peoples need more wellness attention and pass more for wellness services, both necessary and unneeded attention. The national wellness outgo has been increasing bit by bit, at a rate faster than the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) , from 3.5 % of GDP in 1979 to 6.3 % of GDP in 1991. In the twelvemonth 2000 it ‘s expected to be at a rate of 8.1 % of GDP. With the worst scenario of Thai economic system it is expected to be more than 10 % of GDP in future. The outgo largely covered by the family and the hapless have a higher portion of outgo to income than the rich. The disbursal is for remedy instead than preventative and crude attention. Furthermore, the engineerings for medical services are freely imported with some particular revenue enhancement freedom. This consequences in greater purchase and competition in importing the high cost equipment and imbalanced use of this equipment nationally. The Thai economic construction has changed from agribusiness based industry to more fabrication and service based industries. This caused people to travel to industrially based countries or to migrate from rural to urban countries and society faces many societal jobs including occupational wellness. There is a great economic loss due to route accidents and accidents in the mill because of unequal attending to industrial safety. The job of air, H2O, noise and sight pollution in mill and environment and under standard working conditions is increasing. The increasing rate of utilizing modern engineering and chemicals in agricultural activities, i.e. , pesticides, weedkillers, unreal fertiliser has resulted in people having substances toxic to their wellness. Income disparity between the hapless and the rich, the rural and the urban countries, the agricultural and manufacturing sectors affect the wellness system in footings of unfairness in wellness resource allotment. The free trade system besides has impact on pharmaceutical industry: higher monetary value of drugs because of the patent ordinances. Due to the job of alterations in instruction many people have limited abilities to set to the information received through the assorted media. Some change their wellness behavior to follow more hazard to their wellness. There are besides the jobs of catching diseases, chronic disease, and aged disease among the people.Economic Crisis from mid-1997The current economic crisis has tremendous impact on the state and this impact will prevail for at least 4-5 old ages. The immediate effects are unemployment, reduced household income and decreased ingestion outgo. These have societal and wellness effects.Economic Crisis and Health Impactshypertext transfer protocol: //www.econ.chula.ac.th/public/research_center/chealth/im/ChealthCrisis.jpgSome Elementss of Reforms in Health SectorSoft loans from World Bank ( WB ) and Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) were offered to the Government to refill the foreign militias, and to back up indispensable plans. These loans came with certain conditions to co ntinue the safety cyberspace to salvage the vulnerable groups, particularly those unemployed. Under the recent loan from the Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , there are besides elements of reforms in the wellness sector as conditions of the loan, viz. Redeployment of wellness forces to the rural countries Reform of the referral systems Development of independent infirmaries Policy reform of assorted wellness insurance strategies, i.e. , Civil Service Medical Benefit Scheme ( CSMBS ) , Free Medical Care for the Low Income Household Scheme ( FC/L ) , Free Medical Care for the Aged Scheme ( FC/E ) , Workmen Compensation Scheme ( WCS ) , the Social Security Scheme ( SSS ) and the Voluntary Health Card Scheme ( VHCS ) ( Wibulpolprasert, et Al, 1998 ) .Social Impact and Responseshypertext transfer protocol: //www.econ.chula.ac.th/public/research_center/chealth/im/ChealthImpact.jpgEconomic Crisis:Necessity and Opportunity to reevaluate precedences of Health Services ResourcesWhat the crisis has already told us: The most carefully laid programs are all of a sudden undermined by unannounced national economic loss We have all of a sudden to do new precedences Health sector versus other sectors Within wellness sector Wages Health services installations Capital investing Disease control / preventative activities Health instruction / media Short term versus long term Local, national, regional New enterprises, i.e. , Health Care Financing, Health Care Investment, etc. Equity, i.e. , the rich and the hapless, between sectors, between parts. Major displacements: Fiscal crisis Private infirmaries, some are running out of money, bankruptcy. Drain of work force from public to private: Private wellness sector interrupted consequences in the possible betterment of manpower state of affairs in public sector conditional upon the handiness of money to pay them. Shift of patronage from private to public wellness sector services, due to fall in income or unemployment of people. Attendant overloading of public wellness sector services. Short versus long term deduction issues: Can equilibrate between public and private wellness sector be legislated based on experience of instability of private sector concern methods exposed by crisis. Debt direction, i.e. , local and foreign investing Investing ordinances Work force policy accommodation Equity consideration Can disease controls / preventative activities are Streamlined, so Protected against cuts in crisis so to safeguard against dearly-won additions in disease out interruptions ( catching diseases ) which would ensue in increasing debt load. Time toA readdressA affair of comprehensive national wellness insurance embracing all sectors. This might distribute costs equitably. This would likely ask cut downing the benefits of CSMBS, i.e. , co-payment mechanism, keeping the rule of the wellness card strategy and presenting a compulsory wellness insurance strategy overall etc. The urgency of this is highlighted by the rise in unemployment with loss of employee contributed benefits and sudden addition in the figure of eligible individuals for Social public assistance wellness services to the hapless.Health Economicss: Thai ExperienceThis list summarizes on traveling and completed wellness economic sciences research throughout Thailand. National Health System Research, i.e. Social Motions and Economic Transformation: to analyze the historical development of Thai wellness attention system. Private Hospital Survey Cigarettes and Excise Tax: to analyze the impact of a alteration in the rate of coffin nail excise revenue enhancement. Political Economy of Tobacco Products and Optimal Cigarette Taxation Diagnostic Related Group Study Information System for Health Improvement Computer System for Health Care Providers Government Information Network ( GINet ) Rapid Provincial Health Survey Law and Regulation Decentralization and Health Systems Change Public-Private Mix Essential Health Package Thai Burden of Diseases The Economics of Traffic Accidents: to cipher the economic sciences loss and causes of accident. Beginnings of Economic Growth in Thailand Development, Environment and Health in the Eastern Seaboard Area Healthy City Project Health Financing Research Health insurance in assorted strategies, i.e. , Voluntary Health Insurance. Social Security Scheme. Civil Service Medical Benefit Scheme ( CSMBS ) . National Health Account National Drug Account Hospital Costing: assorted degrees Resource Allotment: Confluent Beginnings of Finance and Reforming Payment Mechanisms for Health Servicess Cost, Resource Use and Financing of District Health Services in Thailand Technology Appraisal Quality Improvement Research, i.e. Assessment the Health Welfare ( Low income ) Card Scheme of Thailand Economicss of Social Welfare Project Management Entire Quality Management Study Health Manpower Development Research, i.e. Scientific and Technical Manpower for Economic Growth: to analyze the human resource development impinges upon proficient capacity in many sectors including those which straight and indirectly affect wellness. Future Pattern of Health Manpower Needed at each degree Forecast the Disease Pattern in Thailand Health Behaviour Research, i.e. Economic Evaluation alongside WHO Antenatal Care Trial Cost Effectiveness, Cost / Performance techniques in assorted wellness programmes Quality of Life Study Alcohol Consumption Study Elderly Care Health Situation and Trend Research, i.e. The diseases control plan, i.e. , Economicss of Leprosy Social and Economic Impact of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Economic Evaluation of Village Malaria Volunteer Programme Economic Analysis of Malaria Diagnostic Technology Economicss of Screening for Thalassemia Demographic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Thailand Survey of Elderly in Thailand General Agreement on Trade in Services and the Effects on Health System and Services in Thailand Quantitative Approaches to Analysis and Redefinition of Market Roles in Changing Options for Health Servicess Scheme for Research in Health Economicss: Present and Future † in Enabling Mechanisms for HealthSummary of Health Economics Research TargetsIssues Equity Efficiency Quality Health Insurance Universal Health Insurance Accessibility to Health Care Health Care Behaviour and Utilization Types of Health Care Financing Impact on Utilization and Health Expenditure Essential Package and Outgo Resource Allocation at Various Levels Assess the Standard for Quality of Care Technology Appraisal Technology Diffusion and Distribution Cost-effectiveness for Drug, Medical Equipment and Technology Consumer Protection for Using Health Care/ and Health Servicess Health Manpower Health Manpower Distribution Cost and Number of Health Manpower Quality of Personnel Standard of Providing Care Role of Private and Public Impacts of GATS on Prices and Accessibility Earmarked Taxs Public-Private Mix Optimum usage of Assorted coaction, i.e. , Joint-venture, Contract out Referral System and Network Assess the Standard and its Applications Health impacts of rapid economic alterations in Siam The economic crisis in Thailand in July 1997 had major societal deductions for unemployment, under employment, household income contraction, altering outgo forms, and child forsaking. The crisis increased poorness incidence by 1 million, of whom 54 % were the ultra-poor. This paper explores and explains the short-run wellness impact of the crisis, utilizing bing informations and some particular studies and interviews for 2 old ages during 1998A ±99. The wellness impacts of the crisis are mixed, some being negative and some being positive. Household wellness outgo reduced by 24 % in existent footings ; among the poorer families, institutional attention was replaced by self- medicine. The pre-crisis lifting tendency in outgo on intoxicant and baccy ingestion was reversed. Immunization disbursement and coverage were sustained at a really high degree after the crisis, but studies of additions in diphtheria and whooping cough indicate worsening programme quality. An addition in malaria, despite budget additions, had many causes but was chiefly due to cut down programme effectivity. STD incidence continued the pre-crisis downward tendency. Ratess of HIV hazardous sexual behavior were higher among draftees than other male workers, but in both groups there was lower rubber usage with insouciant spouses. HIV sero-surveillance showed a continuance of the pre-crisis downward tendency among commercial sex workers ( CSW, both whorehouses and non-brothel based ) , pregnant adult females and donated blood ; this tendency was somewhat reversed among male STD patients and more among endovenous drug users. Condom coverage among whorehouses based CSW continued to increase to 97.5 % , despite a 72 % budget cut in free rubber distribution. Poverty and deficiency of insurance coverage are two major determiners of absence of or unequal prenatal attention, and low birth weight. The Low Income Scheme could non adequately cover the hapless but the voluntary Health Card Scheme played a wellness safety net function for maternal and child wellness. Low birth weight and scraggy among school kids were observed during the crisis. The impact of the crisis on wellness was minimal in some sectors but non in the others if the pre-crisis status is efficient and healthy and frailty versa. We demonstrated some cardinal wellness position parametric quantities during the 2-year period after the 1997 crisis but do non hold decisions on the impact of the economic crisis on wellness position, as our observation is excessively short and there is uncertainness on how long the crisis will last. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.business-in-asia.com/medical_tour/images/boi_med1.jpg Siam has good positioned itself to go the medical hub of Asia, with more than four 100 infirmaries offering the most advanced interventions by an internationally trained medical staff. The state boasts the largest infirmary in Southeast Asia and the first of all time to have ISO 9001 enfranchisement, and the first infirmary in Asia to be granted the esteemed Joint Commission International Accreditation ( JCIA ) . In 2005, the figure of foreign patients geting in Thailand, alleged medical tourers, topped one million and reached 1.4 million in 2006. The state has set a mark of 2 million medical tourers by the twelvemonth 2010. With 1000000s of people without wellness insurance in some states, or those merely seeking the best service and attention available, medical touristry continues to be a growing industry for Thailand. The one-year growing rate for the sector has been 14 % , with major surgical processs increasing, every bit good as those seeking standard medical attention. Thai Airways has taken medical touristry one measure farther by boxing medical check-ups as portion of its Royal Orchid Holidays plan. Acknowledging the available market and the state ‘s ability to present medical intervention at international criterions, in 2004 Thailand ‘s authorities adopted a five-year strategic program to develop the state ‘s capacity into the â€Å" Center of Excellent Health of Asia † . This strategic program, advanced by the Ministry of Public Health, focuses on three chief countries of health care: medical services, health care services, which includes watering place, traditional massage and long-stay health care merchandises and services, and 3rd is Thai herbal merchandises. There is a serious committedness on behalf of health care suppliers and the authorities to guarantee that international criterions are met. â€Å" More late, infirmaries in Thailand have opted to besides use for Joint Commission International ( JCI accreditation, which is the international accreditation arm of the U.S. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations ( JCAHO ) † , says Mr. Denis Meseroll of Asset Management Systems ( Thailand ) , a company that provides healthcare direction services. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.business-in-asia.com/medical_tour/images/boi_med2.jpg Skyrocketing costs of health care in many western states, along with overladen medical installations in many others, has added great attractive force to Thailand ‘s high quality low cost medical service industry. For illustration, elected surgery in Thailand ‘s best private infirmaries is frequently one tenth the cost of the same process if performed in the United States. With the value of OECD states ‘ wellness attention sector holding been estimated to be every bit high as US $ 3 trillion and the United States at US $ 2 trillion, the potency for Thailand is important. BlueCross BlueShield of South Carolina and Blue Choice of South Carolina, US based health care insurance suppliers, have formed an confederation with one of Bangkok ‘s premier infirmaries to advance medical touristry to its 1.3 million members. In add-on to the cost economy, there is besides the added benefit that intervention and aftercare services are frequently performed in resort like scenes, with a degree of cordial reception non found in other of the universe ‘s medical centres. Doctors are experts in their Fieldss and nurses are registered and good trained. But beyond the medical attractive force, patients are treated to personal service characterized by Thailand ‘s excellence. Patients are non left to linger in infirmary waiting suites for hours, left unattended and uninformed. Some infirmaries will even delegate patients a personal helper who will walk them through the full procedure from the front door, to their assignment with the physician, to the onsite pharmaceutics to make full prescriptions, and to uncluttering all grosss for insurance reimbursement. Patients are kept informed throughout their stay. In fact one of Bangkok ‘s premier infirmary installations boasts a staff of physicians that can talk English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch, Japanese, Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hainan, Arabic, Urdu and others, and has 60 translators on its staff. While another has translators in over two twelve linguistic communications, all in order to ease the increasing Numberss of international patients. And many of the state ‘s infirmaries have the most advanced medical equipment, including one which late purchased the MRI 3 Tesla, the first in Asia, which offers better diagnosing without injection of contrast media. While Thailand excels in the medical attention it delivers on a day-to-day footing to patients from over 190 states, the Kingdom is besides deriving acknowledgment as a location for research and for clinical tests of advanced medical specialty and for root cell interventions. Thailand is puting in research and development for tropical diseases, such as dandy fever febrility and malaria, among others ; countries broad unfastened for farther investing. With the exponential growing of Thailand into going a medical hub in the part, considerable chances in related Fieldss are being created. The medical device sector, for one, will go on to see healthy growing to run into the demands of health care installations for new and upgraded medical machinery and devices. Thailand ‘s health care industry is genuinely turning in springs and bounds.HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN THAILANDThe bulk of wellness attention services in Thailand is delivered by the populace sector, which includes 1,002 infirmaries and 9,765 wellness Stationss. Universal wellness attention is provided through three plans: the civil service public assistance system for civil retainers and their households, Social Security for private employees, and the Universal Coverage strategy theoretically available to all other Thai subjects. Some private infirmaries are participants in these plans, though most are financed by patient self-payment and private insurance. Harmonizing to t he World Bank, under Thailand ‘s wellness strategies, 99.5 % of the population has wellness protection coverage. The Ministry of Public Health ( MOPH ) oversees national wellness policy and besides operates most authorities wellness installations. The National Health Security Office ( NHSO ) allocates funding through the Universal Coverage plan. Other health-related authorities bureaus include the Health System Research Institute ( HSRI ) , Thai Health Promotion Foundation ( â€Å" Thai Health † ) , National Health Commission Office ( NHCO ) , and the Emergency Medical Institute of Thailand ( EMIT ) . Although there have been national policies for decentalisation, there has been opposition in implementing such alterations and the MOPH still straight controls most facets of wellness attention. Thailand introduced cosmopolitan coverage reforms in 2001, going one of merely a smattering of lower-middle income states to make so. Means-tested wellness attention for low income families was replaced by a new and more comprehensive insurance strategy, originally known as the 30 tical undertaking, in line with the little co-payment charged for intervention. Peoples fall ining the strategy receive a gold card which allows them to entree services in their wellness territory, and, if necessary, be referred for specializer intervention elsewhere. The majority of finance comes from public grosss, with support allocated to Contracting Units for Primary Care yearly on a population footing. Harmonizing to the WHO, 65 % of Thailand ‘s wellness attention outgo in 2004 came from the authorities, while 35 % was from private beginnings. Thailand achieved cosmopolitan coverage with comparatively low degrees of disbursement on wellness but it faces important challenges: rise costs, inequali ties, and duplicate of resources. Although the reforms have received a good trade of unfavorable judgment, they have proved popular with poorer Thais, particularly in rural countries, and survived the alteration of authorities after the 2006 military putsch. Then Public Health Minister, Mongkol Na Songkhla, abolished the 30 tical co-payment and made the UC strategy free. It is non yet clear whether the strategy will be modified farther under the alliance authorities that came to power in January 2008.Public Health IssuesAlthough infective diseases, most notably HIV/AIDS and TB, remain serious public wellness issues, non-communicable diseases and hurts have besides become of import causes of morbidity and mortality. Major infective diseases in Thailand besides include bacterial diarrhoea, hepatitis, dandy fever febrility, malaria, Nipponese phrenitis, hydrophobias, and swamp fever. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune lack syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) is a serious job in Thailand. The United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS ) reported in November 2004 that the Thai authorities had launched a well-funded, politically supported, and matter-of-fact response to the epidemic. As a consequence, national grownup HIV prevalence has decreased to an estimated 1.5 per centum of all individuals aged 15 to 49 old ages ( or about 1.8 per centum of the entire population ) . It was besides reported that 58,000 grownups and kids had died from AIDS since the first instance was reported in 1984. The authorities has begun to better its support to individuals with HIV/AIDS and has provided financess to HIV/AIDS support groups. Public plans have begun to change insecure behaviour, but favoritism against those septic continues. The authorities has funded an antiretroviral drug plan and, as of September 2006, more than 80,000 HIV/AIDS patients had received such drugs.Food Safet yFood safety panics, like the remainder of developing Asia, are non uncommon to Thailand. Furthermore besides the of all time common microbic taint of street side nutrient left out in the hot Sun and dust-covered roads, every bit good as shop nutrient, taint by banned or toxic pesticides and forge nutrient merchandises is besides common. 3-MCPD, a genotoxic and carcinogenic substance, was found in utmost sums ( 100s to 1000s of times bounds ) in an Asia-wide ( ex Japan and Korea ) acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce dirt in 2001, including exports to Western states, cyanuramide in Thai nutrient merchandises along with 2008 Chinese milk dirt, and July 2012 consumer action groups demanding 4 unlisted toxic pesticides found on common veggies ( which are banned in developed states ) be banned. Chemical companies are bespeaking to add them to the Thai Dangerous Substances Act so they can go on to be used, including on exported Mangifera indicas to developed states which have banned their usage. Medical and Healthcare Services Currently Provided in Thailand:Medical ServicessMedical Examination ( Chulalongkorn Hospital ) Outpatient Department Nursing Department Dentistry Extended Service Clinics Social Security Services ( Chulalongkorn Hospital/Somdej Na Sriracha Hospital ) On-line Consultancy Anonymous Clinic Nurses at Home Project Medical Certificate Services ( Chulalongkorn Hospital/Somdej Na Sriracha Hospital ) Rabiess Clinic Immunological ClinicNew Tract Medicine ServicesImmunological Clinic and Tourist Consultancy Biological Merchandises Chula Excimer Laser Center Ostomy ClinicCommunity Medicine/Community HealthWednesday Club Anti-AIDS Campaign in Slum Communities Elderly Care Project, Klong Toey Slum CommunityEducational ServicessNursing CollegeOther Health related ServicessFirst Aid Training Knowledge for Life Project Home Nursing Training Health Education for the Disadvantaged, Including inmates, no educated kids Rabiess Hot Line Health Restorative Service at Home Consultancy for HIV AIDS infected and householdCatastrophe Relief Services Consumable and Life Pack AidsMobile Medical Unit of measurements First Aid Unit, Medical Supplies and Vehicles Service Coverage ( Map ) â€Å" Princess Pa Project † voluntary Project, the Thai Red Cross SocietyBlood ServicessBlood Bags manufactured by the National Blood Service CenterEye BankEye Bank procedure Cornea in Optisol Cornea in Glycerine Eye Whites Amniotic membrane Fair and Equal-Opportunity Eye AllotmentOrgan Donation Heart,Lung, Liver Allocation Kidney Allocation Child Aids Biological Family Tracking Family Finding Child Follow-Through Adoption Process Chalerm Phrakiat Child Development Center ( For Thai Red Cross Personnel )Human-centered ReliefConsumable AIDSs and life battalions Mobile Medical Unit of measurements First Aid Units Specialized Medicine Unit of measurementsOther Services Dissemination of Red Cross Principles andHuman-centered Laws in young persons Chalerm Prakiat 72 Pansa Iodine Nutrition Project Community Service ActivitiesStrong industry growing mentality several cardinal supportive factorsWe believe Thailand ‘s health care sector has bright chances in visible radiation of the undermentioned supporting factors: Low health care incursion. An ageing population and a lifting decease rate from complex unwellnesss. A limited supply menace due to high entry barriers. Thailand ‘s competitory market place in medical touristry. The first three factors guarantee quickly lifting demand for health care from local people in Thailand. However, we see greater demand chances from provincial countries than from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region ( BMR ) due to the turning urbanization tendency and lower incursion.Local Government Policies and Major Measures to PromoteThe Thai authorities began strategic programs since 2004 to advance Thailand as a premier medical touristry finish. Since so, the state has enjoyed a big figure of visitants in this class. The Department of Export Promotion and the Department of Health Service Support reported a rapid growing of 16.48 % during 2001-2009 for wellness services bringing to aliens: Year No. of Foreign Patients Estimate Income ( Million Baht ) 2007 1,373,807 106,640 2008 1,380,000 107,419 2009 1,390,000 108,197 Thailand is now widely acclaimed among the international community as the medical hub in Asia, with important advantages including the handiness of modern equipment and fortes, easy entryway, competitory monetary values, and great cordial reception from service operators and forces. These, when coupled with the well-established fact that Thailand is a brilliant tourer finish with calm beaches and mountains, fascinating humanistic disciplines and civilization, nutrient, amusement, and shopping, make Thailand a great medical touristry finish.The policies and schemes to advance Thailand as a medical hub of Asia1 ) . Most healthcare service suppliers peculiarly infirmaries participate in travel marketplaces, travel carnivals, trade carnival, exhibitions, seminars, conferences. 2 ) . Using advertizements in travel magazines in states with the back uping from the authorities. With the cooperation from the Ministry of Public Health, Tourism Authority of Thailand ( TAT ) , Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Department of Export Promotion ( DEP ) organized these activities for advancing health care services to international markets. 3 ) . Other enlightening stuffs are provided such as booklets, brochures, video-cds, paper bags and jersey with Sons were besides used to make consciousness of the available health care services 4 ) . Some healthcare service suppliers build up cooperation with the local institutes, universities, medical schools in other states to set up coaction in instruction, exchange of cognition and preparation every bit good as to advance their option health care services. 5 ) . Advertising about medical and nonmedical services in both local and international media are used by healthcare service suppliers. The advertizement has to be based on Thai Torahs and ordinances about how to publicize health care services. Media such as magazines, newspaper ( both in Thai and English ) , telecasting etc. are used to aim local people and exiles who work in Thailand.FUTURE TRENDSHarmonizing to the KASIKORN RESEARCH CENTER, ASEAN wellness service liberalisation will heighten the chances for Thai medical attention concern investing into ASEAN states. This is because of ASEAN cancellation of all pre-conditions to wellness service markets and enlargement of ASEAN investors ‘ shareholdings of up to 70 per centum beginning in 2010. Positive factors that would back up Thai entry into ASEAN medical concern would include the possible in the first-class direction of Thai infirmaries that have attracted the highest figure of foreign patients in ASEAN. Furthermore, the impact of ASEAN trade and investing liberalisation and the development of transit logistics into the Indochina part will assist ease travel within the part via land transit ; hence, offering greater chances to Thai private sector infirmaries to spread out into other metropoliss in Thailand and back up a turning figure of foreign patients wishing to utilize medical attention services in Thailand. However, the enlargement of Thai medical attention services may confront some challenges in forces deficits within ASEAN, an investing finish – including. It is expected that the effectivity of liberalisation in the motions of medical forces within ASEAN in 2015 will be rather limited and may confront challenges caused by competition with and that besides aim to spread out such investings within ASEAN and would wish to go hubs for medical attention within this part, every bit good. Meanwhile, the enlargement of Thai private infirmaries into other ASEAN states may worsen forces shortages domestically and impact our ability to go a major Asian medical service hub pulling foreign patients to. It is expected that the job of competition in pulling medical forces between service suppliers domestically, authorities and private sector, will go on to escalate, peculiarly if there is an unequal authorities budget for medical Personnel development.Thailand Health Profile studyHealth is related to legion factors. Indispensably, analysis of state of affairs and tendency of the Thai wellness system requires comprehensive consideration on alterations in both single and environmental contexts that influence wellness, e.g. economic system, instruction, human ecology, household characteristic and migration, genetic sciences, value and belief, civilization, political relations and authorities, environment, substructure and engineering, every bit good as wellness services system itself. This inspires the thought of making the Thailand Health Profile study, a study that offers information on Thailand ‘s wellness system integrally connected with its determiners.Siam can be proud to hold achieved most of the eight UN Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) , in peculiar the three health-related ends.In 1970, Thailand had an infant mortality rate of 68 per 1,000 unrecorded births, while today it is estimated at 13 per 1,000 unrecorded births. Harmonizing to a 2008 survey published in the medical diary Lancet, Thailand enjoyed the highest one-year rate of decrease in child mortality among 30 low- and middle-income states between 1990 and 2006. The maternal mortality ratio has besides shown a similar decreasing tendency. In add-on, Thailand has been successful at controling new HIV infection rates by 83 per cent since 1991, thanks to the backbreaking attempts made by authoritiess and NGOs. Such impressive wellness results did non happen in isolation from its socio-economic development context. From 1969 to 2009, its gross national income ( GNI ) grew from US $ 210 to $ 3,760 in current figures, or 17 times over 40 old ages. During the 1970s and 1980s, Thailand invested to a great extent in main roads that connect the stray and destitute Northeast and North to Bangkok ; electrification throughout the state ; every bit good as enlargement of school registration for both male childs and misss. As a consequence, the positive spillover effects besides benefited the public wellness sector. As economic growing accelerated in the mid-1980s and 1990s, the state continued to finance substructure undertakings which brought greater connectivity, wider entree to electricity and safe imbibing H2O and clean sanitation, primary and secondary schools, and primary wellness Centres in rural countries across the state. Four decennaries ago when Thailand was still a low-income state, it invested early in wellness attention substructure that has reached the most distant rural communities. Alternatively of concentrating resources to urban third infirmary development, public wellness leaders placed more funding to rural countries from 1982 onwards, which has encouraged greater and low-cost entree to healthcare at the most local degrees. Such investings have paid off. In a survey carried out by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and released in Bangkok last month, Thailand featured as one of the states to accomplish â€Å" good wellness at low cost † . Harmonizing to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , its entire wellness outgos ( THE ) is estimated at 4.1 per cent of its GDP or $ 328 per capita, which is comparatively low for the wellness outcomes achieved. The extended web of primary health care installations implemented through territory wellness systems supplemented by some of the first-class research outfits doubtless played a important function in bettering wellness results particularly for the rural population. In add-on, Thailand has been successful in preparation nurses and physicians for its wellness system, innovatively administering human resources to rural countries by prosecuting new medical alumnuss to function for three old ages in a rural infirmary, and supplying extra pecuniary inducements. In add-on, wellness voluntaries recruited from local communities besides play of import support, bar and sensing functions, and thereby heightening community engagement. Thailand ‘s wellness accomplishments are non limited to impressive indexs, but extend to achieving cosmopolitan wellness coverage ( UHC ) .Globally, the figure of states that have attained UHC is comparatively little, and comprises largely of OECD states. Within Asian, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand have achieved UHC, with the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia nearing full coverage as they embark on reforms. Yet, harmonizing to the International Labour Organization ( ILO ) , merely 5 to 10 per cent of people are covered in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, while in middle-income states, coverage rates vary between 20 to 60 per cent. Annually across the universe, about 150 million people suffer fiscal calamity and 100 million are pushed below the poorness line due to regressive payment systems for health care and absence of UHC. In 2002 when Thailand was still a lower-middle income state with a GDP/capita of $ 1,900, the state achieved UHC. This did non go on overnight but bit by bit since the 1970s through the creative activity of three wellness insurance strategies: the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme ( CSMBS ) , Social Security Scheme ( SSS ) Subsequently the Universal Coverage ( UC ) Scheme – once referred to as the â€Å" Bt30 † Scheme. Achieving a coverage rate of 99 per cent of the population is more than merely run intoing a national aim ; it represents a beginning of inspiration to other low- and middle-income states. As a affair of fact, functionaries from assorted wellness ministries and NGOs from Asia and Africa frequently request a visit to Thailand ‘s public wellness establishments such as the National Health Security Office, International Health and Policy Programme, Health Systems Research Institute and the Ministry of Public Health to â€Å" analyze how Thailand did it † . As of now, 99 per cent of the Thai population is covered through a comprehensive health care bundle that ranges from wellness bar and primary attention, to hospitalization due to traffic accidents to renal replacing therapy and entree to ART intervention for HIV. It has been shown that the UC Scheme has contributed significantly to cut downing cases of ruinous health care outgos, particularly in destitute countries of the state. Based on the recent rating of the 10 old ages of the Scheme, the figure of destitute families dropped from 3.4 per cent in 1996 to 0.8-1.3 per cent between 2006 and 2009, therefore lending to poverty decrease, edifice greater fiscal stableness to vulnerable families and improved long-run support security. In add-on, it helps Thailand to achieve the rule of the right to wellness for all. In a state with high income inequality as measured by the Gini Coefficient, entree to low-cost health care is a span that helps extenuate many of the socio-economic unfairnesss that still plague this state. Thailand has demonstrated that UHC may non be an unachievable dream to be experienced by merely the rich states. Low-income states such as Ghana and Rwanda have already made much advancement towards UHC, and states such as India and Bangladesh are working towards developing effectual UHC systems. The biggest individual determiner in this is political committedness. In a round-table conference in Bangkok in November, 2011, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon declared that no states rich or little would hold â€Å" adequate † resources to transport out UHC reform but the challenge for every state is how shortly they can travel into it. This was echoed at the recent Prince Mahidol Award Conference with the subject of UHC. Attended by participants from 68 states, none said that UHC is impossible to accomplish in their contexts. With the right policies – societal, economic and political, it is possible for a low- or middle-income state to ship on the route towards UHC. Although Thailand has achieved cosmopolitan coverage, large challenges remain. These include: how to include foreign migratory workers into the health care system how to unify the three strategies to cut down unfairnesss in benefit bundles how to guarantee sufficient and highly-trained human resources in wellness to run into current deficits how to pull off Thailand ‘s passage into a â€Å" Grey † society in the following decennaries what are the germinating fiscal mechanisms that can be used to better function the population? UHC after all is non an end point in itself, but a journey that moves us closer to better wellness for all. Mushtaque Chowdhury and Natalie Phaholyothin are based at the Rockefeller Foundation ‘s Asia Regional Office in Bangkok. The article reflects the positions of the writers, which do non needfully represent those of the Rockefeller Foundation.Healthcare in ThailandIntroductionOne of the most popular Asiatic states for resettlement is Thailand. The state has a rich historical and cultural background. However, there are some concerns that exiles should be cognizant of, and one of these is the issue of health care.The health care systemMost of the physicians in Thailand are specializers ; that is why it may be difficult to happen a dependable all-around general practician to handle you for minor medical jobs. As an exile, you will hold to travel to a general infirmary, where you will most probably be examined by a physician who is a specializer in one field or another. Since it may be common to hold a figure of smaller medical conditions, it may be hard for a medical specializer to cover with these. The best manner, particularly if you are non rather certain of your job ( s ) , is merely to seek an internist as your first port of call. However, it should be noted that there are still some major infirmaries in Thailand that have household physicians or medical practicians. Most physicians in Thailand do non hold one specific topographic point of work. Thai sawboness and doctors have different working agendas at different infirmaries thatA can beA spread over the whole of Bangkok. Because of this, physicians are likely to travel from one infirmary to another to make their unit of ammunitions. Additionally, these physicians may besides hold private clinics. In visible radiation of this, they tend to work really long hours. It is non hard to conceive of the jobs that this could do. For illustration, if you merely had surgery and a job arises, there is the possibility that your sawbones might be executing another surgery in a different infirmary, or he may be at his private clinic. This may ensue in your physician seeking to work out the state of affairs over the phone.Obstacles in medical exigenciesEmergency conveyance installations in Thailand are non yet to the full developed. Large infirmaries in Thailand have mobile intensive attention units where you can be hold immediate intervention in exigency state of affairss. However, you will seldom see an ambulance rushing the streets of Bangkok. Although traffic accidents are attended to, voluntary organisations are usually the 1s to supply deliverance units. Passers-by will besides help in exigencies. For traffic accidents, you can ever seek aid from the Police Hospital at the Ratchaprasong Intersection ( if you are in the country ) . In footings of exigency conveyance, the chief obstruction in medical exigencies is the traffic in Bangkok. Unwanted holds are ineluctable, unless you are in close propinquity to a infirmary. By and large talking, autos do non automatically give manner to reacting ambulances. Therefore, if you have a medical status that may necessitate immediate attending, where possible, remain in a topographic point which is near to a suited infirmary. Having a wellness service that is able to handle controlled and stable conditions is one thing, but being capable of covering with exigency processs is another. Unfortunately, Thailand needs some major betterments in this respect.Money is of importWhen you are in Thailand, it is of import to hold your medical insurance paperss with you ; either that or another signifier of payment. In the instance of a infirmary admittance, you will be required to pay up forepart for the interventions. It appears thatA moneyA plays an even larger portion than normal when discoursing the health care system of Thailand. In most European states, jobs like these are usually avoided because the patients have compulsory medical insurance and infirmaries can be confident about acquiring paid. It is recommended that you avail of private wellness insurance when sing Thailand as a topographic point to see or populate.Making Business in ThailandIndia has many chances for making concern with Thailand. Priority countries are: aˆ? Advanced Engineering aˆ? Agribusiness aˆ? Education and preparation aˆ? Environment aˆ? Food and Beverage aˆ? Railway aˆ? Power aˆ? Motor vehicle and motor vehicle partsaˆ? Healthcare and Pharmaceutical, Medical Hub is targeted for Thailandaˆ? Petro aˆ? Renewable Energy aˆ? Tourism, athleticss and leisure equipmentHealthcare Sector in ThailandThailand had a population of 69.51 million at the terminal of 2011.Life anticipation is 71 old ages for work forces and 77 old ages for adult females has increased. With a population growing rate of around 0.4 % , Thailand is confronting an aging society. Proportion of the population over age 60 in 2020 is expected to make 17.51 % .Market OverviewThe entire health care market in 2012 is expected to make U.S. $ 13.13bn, while the pharmaceutical and medical devices market forecast market for U.S. $ 4.1bn U.S. $ 9.36bn. However, some medical equipment produced for domestic ingestion in Thailand, the state imported from abroad, 70 % of medical devices. Due to increasing demand from international and local patients, Thailand ‘s first medical substructure in developed states and at a fraction of the cost of similar processs provides the highest possible quality of attention. Thailand is ready to take a serious involvement in this dynamic market ; this is an exciting concern chance for companies.Key chancesThailand in cardinal and emerging chances for Indian companies in the health care include: Medical equipment and instruments Specialist intervention engineering Aging Population Standard Certification Accident Emergency E-Health Geting into the marketMedical equipment and instrumentsThe most popular finishs for medical touristry in Thailand, more than 1,000 public infirmaries and 400 private infirmaries with international criterions are powered on. Turning medical touristry market with a 10-20 % one-year growing in the sector has played an of import function. Both foreign and domestic patients Thai wellness installations continue to spread out due to the increasing demand for wellness intervention. We are besides seeing a new tendency of amalgamations between private infirmaries. Therefore, both private and public infirmaries for medical machinery and equipment, including a turning demand continues to upgrade their installations. Purchase of major medical equipment in public infirmaries, accounting for 60 % of the consumers live.Specialist intervention engineeringDemand for particular intervention in Thailand, non merely because of the figure of foreign patients in Thailand but besides increased health-conscious consumers.Aging PopulationHarmonizing to the analysis of a decease certification, major and increasing cause of decease among Thai citizens of non-communicable diseases, accidents, and HIV / AID. The impact of an aging population opens up many chances. Due to the increasing aging population, we besides take attention of the aged by both the populace and private sector to see an increasing figure of advanced characteristics. The Thai authorities is cognizant of the aging society and provides support for the aged life. The National Science and Technology Development Projects Agency ( NSTDA ) besides on new engineering in these countries are done by collaborating with international organisations.Standard CertificationAn indispensable tool for pulling foreign patients is an internationally recognized commissioned infirmary. Consequently, the Joint Commission International ( JCI ) to better its services to international criterions scheme has gained big private infirmary. However, some private infirmaries to seek other options which allow more flexibleness in the execution procedure of the want.Accident EmergencyEmergency Response therapy has progressively become a precedence in Thailand, as the state ‘s natural catastrophes and political agitation in recent old ages experienced a figure. National Institute of Emergency Medical Services Emergency Medical System is to develop international criterions in this country and has played a major function in natural catastrophes. More preparation and guidance every bit good as experts in the country, include the demand for devices that generate chances.E-HealthThailand is one of a turning figure of smart phones and tablet computing machines have followed the planetary tendency. Some e – wellness undertakings, wellness informations aggregation, wellness position monitoring, etc. In the past few old ages has been the usage of the hand-held device. Commercially available from Q1 2013 due to 3G service, local infirmaries, which will let them to function in distant vitamin E – are cognizant of the wellness benefits. National Health Information System, tele-medicine, for smart places and independent life, the Thai Government Smart Health ‘s National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, with focal point on 3 countries ( NECTEC ) has supported the undertaking launched by.Thailand Health Care IndustryLocal Government Policies and Major Measures to PromoteThe Thai authorities began strategic programs since 2004 to advance Thailand as a premier medical touristry finish. Since so, the state has enjoyed a big figure of visitants in this class. The Department of Export Promotion and the Department of Health Service Support reported a rapid growing of 16.48 % during 2001-2009 for wellness services bringing to aliens: Year No. of Foreign Patients Estimate Income ( Million Baht ) 2007 1,373,807 106,640 2008 1,380,000 107,419 2009 1,390,000 108,197 Beginning: The Royal Thai Embassy, Washington Thailand is now widely acclaimed among the international community as the medical hub in Asia, with important advantages including the handiness of modern equipment and fortes, easy entryway, competitory monetary values, and great cordial reception from service operators and forces. These, when coupled with the well-established fact that Thailand is a brilliant tourer finish with calm beaches and mountains, fascinating humanistic disciplines and civilization, nutrient, amusement, and shopping, make Thailand a great medical touristry finish.The policies and schemes to advance Thailand as a medical hub of Asia1 ) . Most healthcare service suppliers peculiarly infirmaries participate in travel marketplaces, travel carnivals, trade carnival, exhibitions, seminars, conferences. 2 ) . Using advertizements in travel magazines in states with the back uping from the authorities. With the cooperation from the Ministry of Public Health, Tourism Authority of Thailand ( TAT ) , Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Department of Export Promotion ( DEP ) organized these activities for advancing health care services to international markets. 3 ) . Other enlightening stuffs are provided such as booklets, brochures, video-cds, paper bags and jersey with Sons were besides used to make consciousness of the available health care services 4 ) . Some healthcare service suppliers build up cooperation with the local institutes, universities, medical schools in other states to set up coaction in instruction, exchange of cognition and preparation every bit good as to advance their option health care services. 5 ) . Advertising about medical and nonmedical services in both local and international media are used by healthcare service suppliers. The advertizement has to be based on Thai Torahs and ordinances about how to publicize health care services. Media such as magazines, newspaper ( both in Thai and English ) , telecasting etc. are used to aim local people and exiles who work in Thailand.History of DevelopmentModern medical system in Thailand day of the months back over 100 old ages, during the reigns of King Rama III and King Rama IV when American and British missionaries introduced modern medical specialty in Thailand. However, the promotion of modern medical specialty truly took a immense measure during reign of King Rama V and began to lift steadily from so on. King Rama V initiated the thought to establish Siriraj Hospital to suit people ‘s demands for health care. He founded the Royal Medical School that would subsequently put the foundation of modern medical schools. These enterprises led to constitutions of other infirmaries in Bangkok and big metropoliss. His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkhla was one of the drive forces that have given Thai modern medical specialty its topographic point among that of developed states. HRH Princess Mahidol of Songkhla received certification in Public Health and subsequently graduated M.D. semen laude from Harvard University, USA. He became the innovator in the Thai modern medical specialty and has been regarded as the â€Å" Father of Thailand ‘s Modern Medicine. † Even though he passed off at the early age of 38 due to deteriorating wellness, he has greatly contributed in modern medical specialty of Thailand. His Majesty King Bhumibol has granted permission to set up the Prince Mahidol Award as a planetary award in award of His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkhla. The Award is granted to persons or organisations around the universe with outstanding work for humanity in the Fieldss of medical specialty and public wellness. During 1950s, many Thai medical physicians graduated or completed their preparation abroad, in the United States in peculiar. In 1970s and 1980s, a big figure of Thai physicians continued their surveies and preparations in the United States. A big figure of medical physicians moved from public infirmaries to work in private infirmaries. At the same clip, many Thai physicians practising or holding medical licences abroad moved back to Thailand to and other states. During this clip, private infirmaries with international accreditation emerged in work in private infirmaries. One of the major drive forces behind the promotion of Thai modern medical specialty is the constitution of the â€Å" Thai Red Cross Society. † During the economic roar of the 1990s in Thailand, as the economic status improved and personal income degree increased, public demand for good quality wellness attention besides increased consequently. Leading private infirmaries expanded their capacity to suit such demand. Harmonizing to the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand, the entire figure of infirmaries increased from 422 in 1991 to 491 in 1997, and the figure of beds more than doubled, from 14,927 to 38,275 during the same period. However, when the 1997 fiscal crisis hit, the domestic market was significantly affected. Personal wellness outgos were curtailed as economic status declined. Private infirmaries had to do up for the loss of their domestic patients by switching their focal point outside of Thailand and ask foring patients from abroad. Because of the local currency devaluation, every bit good as the low labour and other factor costs, the entire monetary value of the medical intervention in Thailand was less than half that in the United States, even after adding in the costs of travel and adjustments. In the face of worsening gross, Bumrungrad Hospital in Bangkok brought in a new direction squad from outside the state to pull off its plan for international patients and to take the infirmary out of its fiscal troubles. Under this new direction, Bumrungrad became the first internationally commissioned infirmary in Southeast Asia in 2002 and pioneered the medical touristry concern. Its 50,000 international patients in 1997 had gone up to 350,000 in 2005. In this sense, the success of medical touristry in Thailand was a typical factor-driven phenomenon, where people traveled to obtain medical services with the lowest cost.3. Industry Introduction ( SWOT Analysis and Development Status )Thailand is one of the best finishs in Asia for health-conscious tourers. The state has been one of the modern-day innovators of Medical Tourism in Asia, with more than a million foreign patients yearly coming to over 956 public and 309 private infirmaries, 7 of which are JCI commissioned ( as of 2010 ) , and 17 of which are in the grapevine. The international patients will hold entree to the rich pool of over 19,000 medical physicians and 100,000 nurses, many of which have undergone preparations in the United States, UK, Germany, Australia, Japan, and other states. It is besides noteworthy that Thailand has been the leader in holistic intervention attacks, including health care, illness bar, interventions, rehabilitative and renewing attention. These attacks have gained greater attending in the western states. Thailand has convenient entree, beautiful tourer finishs, and superior services. Soon, Thailand is able to offer most comprehensive scope of medical interventions to the universe due to many Thai-Physicians have been studied and forte trained as specializer from abroad since 1960.These Physicians moved back to work in Thai private Hospitals and Clinics. So, they are able to freely offer their expertness and specializers to Thai every bit good as alien patients.The most three popular services in medical touristry consist of:Cosmetic and Fictile Surgery such as Breast Augmentation ( Augmentation Mammoplasty ) , Breast Lift ( Mastopexy ) , Nose Surgery ( Rhinoplasty ) , and Liposuction ( Lipoplasty ) Dentistry such as Dental Bonding, Dental Bridges, Dental Crowns, Dental Filling, Dental Implants, and Teeth Whitening Renaissance mans ramping from Blood Vessel System, Bones, Joint and Tendons, Breast, Cardiology, Diagnostics, and General Surgery

Economic Meltdown - 2698 Words

1.0 Introduction The 2007 collapse of the U.S. housing market and the worldwide economic damage that followed in 2008 and 2009 made people know the term economic meltdown (ehow.com, 2011). And the year 2011 proved to be a epic one in world history and brought dramatic change to many parts of the world - change that require cautious and serious analysis. International developments since World War II have drawn the nations of the world closer together in a global economy in which labour and capital move across borders. When an economic crisis in one area spreads around the world, a global meltdown may result. The global financial crisis originated with the collapse of the U.S. housing market, as many sub prime borrowers defaulted on†¦show more content†¦The crisis has hit European economies unprecedentedly hard and its effects have occurred in two phases. The first phase is the economic recession following the global economic downturn. The second phase is the so-called sovereign debt crisis which started in Greece firstly and then appeared in Ireland and Portugal. Like many other countries and organizations, European Union (EU) has also developed strategies in order to tackle the challenges of the crisis (Yurtsever, 2011). 4.0 Effects As a result of a global economic crisis, banks and financial institutions sharply limit lending. Consumers, fearing further economic damage, spend less, and firms begin sacking workers. The economic downturn has brought more middle-class customers to the loan windows. But the real change in pawning has to do with the skyrocketing price of gold. With gold at $1,500 an ounce, pawnshops are making easy profits by buying gold jewelry and selling it to refineries. For sellers, those gold cufflinks languishing in a jewelry box might now cover several weeks’ worth of groceries. A global economic meltdown creates worldwide recession or depression conditions in which output declines, unemployment rises and credit becomes difficult to access. With the introduction of the current global financial crisis in the aftermath of the US housing market failures, everyone has shifted their attention to the extreme dependence structure of financial markets (Aloui,Show MoreRelatedGlobal Economic M eltdown Of 20081477 Words   |  6 PagesTo establish effective policies in order to enhance ethics in corporate America and prevent significant catastrophes such as the global economic meltdown of 2008 we need to propose new ethical policies and standards in our corporate system. Ethical issues must be on the strategic agenda! Integrity management should be a priority not only because it is legally required, but because it is the right thing to do. This memorandum will analyze the proposed ethical policies such as strengthening auditors’Read MoreFinancial Crisis And Economic Meltdown1527 Words   |  7 PagesConcerns about the compensation of executive officers and other top executives of American public companies have reached fever pitch since the financial crisis and economic meltdown recently. Some observers blame the recent recession in part on the unsound compensation arrangements for the top management of major financial institutions. For almost 20 years, a growing r eprise of voices—including some shareholders, the business media, policymakers, and academics—have been criticizing the way top managersRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Energy1016 Words   |  5 Pagesa positive effect on the economy in an age headed toward an economic downfall. On the other side, the risks that nuclear power reactors have are a big enough concern to shut down all power reactors. 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Accident Description According to the Three Mile Island report (2), at 4 a.m. on March 28, 1979, the feed water pumps stop providing water to the steam generator which was used to cooling theRead MoreThe Impact of Economic Meltdown on the Nigeria Banking Industry (a Case Study of Intercontinental Bank Plc).13502 Words   |  55 Pages ABSTRACT This study tends to unravel the effects of economic meltdown on employee productivity in the Nigerian banking system using the August 14, 2009 CBN intervention into commercial banks (as a result of the meltdown originating from unsecured credits and poor bank management in the Nigerian commercial banking system) as a benchmark to analyze the effects. Data was collected from journals, interviews and direct data from specific units of the bank. The appraisal of theRead MoreThe Financial Meltdown Crisis : Luis A. Santiago Gaetan1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe Financial Meltdown Crisis Luis A. 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Because of globalization, this crisis was felt through the intertwined global markets, affecting underdeveloped countries even more. Historical eventsRead MoreFinancial Crisis : Fisc al Crisis1542 Words   |  7 Pagessurging inflation and accumulated interests, most borrowers failed to payback their loans due to continued bankruptcy. Consequently, interest rates in various countries were adjusted to balance the demand and supply of the circulating money. In economics, any increase in the price levels concurrently increases demand for money, which means that supply and demand for money did not balance in various economies during the 2008-9 crises. Similarly, this raised interest rates, minimized investments, andRead MoreFair-Value Accounting and the Financial Crisis Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pageshave insisted that the financial meltdown would not have been nearly as bad if not for the deadly Fair-Value Accounting (FVA) standard. It is, however, my stand that accounting is not the root cause of the financial crisis. I argue that the mixed-attribute model prompted considerable accounting-motivated structures. And due to the selective application of FVA, it did not in practice; contribute to the pro-cyclicality of the financial system. Nor would the meltdown have otherwise been avoided under

Volver How to Conjugate the Spanish Verb, to Return

Volver is a common Spanish verb that usually means to return, to come back or something similar; in the reflexive form, volverse, it also can mean to become. Volver is a stem-changing verb; to conjugate volver, change the -o- to -ue- when stressed. Volver also has an irregular past participle. Irregular forms are shown below in boldface. Translations are given as a guide and in real life may vary with context. Verbs that follow the conjugation pattern of volver include absolver, devolver, disolver, desenvolver, resolver and revolver. Infinitive of Volver volver (to return) Gerund of Volver volviendo (returning) Participle of Volver vuelto (returned) Present Indicative of Volver yo vuelvo, tà º vuelves, usted/à ©l/ella vuelve, nosotros/as volvemos, vosotros/as volvà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas vuelven (I return, you return, he returns, etc.) Preterite of Volver yo volvà ­, tà º volviste, usted/à ©l/ella volvià ³, nosotros/as volvimos, vosotros/as volvisteis, ustedes/ellos/ellas volvieron (I returned, you returned, she returned, etc.) Imperfect Indicative of Volver yo volvà ­a, tà º volvà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella volvà ­a, nosotros/as volvà ­amos, vosotros/as volvà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas volvà ­an (I used to return, you used to return, he returned, etc.) Future Indicative of Volver yo volverà ©, tà º volverà ¡s, usted/à ©l/ella volverà ¡, nosotros/as volveremos, vosotros/as volverà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas volverà ¡n (I will return, you will return, he will return, etc.) Conditional of Volver yo volverà ­a, tà º volverà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella volverà ­a, nosotros/as volverà ­amos, vosotros/as volverà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas volverà ­an (I would return, you would return, she would return, etc.) Present Subjunctive of Volver que yo vuelva, que tà º vuelvas, que usted/à ©l/ella vuelva, que nosotros/as volvamos, que vosotros/as volvà ¡is, que ustedes/ellos/ellas vuelvan (that I return, that you return, that she return, etc.) Imperfect Subjunctive of Volver que yo volviera (volviese), que tà º volvieras (volvieses), que usted/à ©l/ella volviera (volviese), que nosotros/as volvià ©ramos (volvià ©semos), que vosotros/as volvierais (volvieseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas volvieran (volviesen) (that I return, that you return, that he return, etc.) Imperative of Volver vuelve (tà º), no vuelvas (tà º), vuelva (usted), volvamos (nosotros/as), volved (vosotros/as), no volvà ¡is (vosotros/as), vuelvan (ustedes) (return, dont return, return, lets return, etc.) Compound Tenses of Volver The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, vuelto. The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, volviendo. Sample Sentences Showing Conjugation of Volver and Similarly Conjugated Verbs Hay cosas que nunca no van a volver. (There are things that are never coming back. Infinitive.) Se ha resuelto el problema. (The problem has resolved itself. Present perfect.) El viento vuelve a complicar los aterrizajes en el aeropuerto. (The wind is complicating landings at the airport again. Present indicative.) Se prepara una solucià ³n de bromuro de sodio disolviendo 4 gramos de la sal en 50 gramos de agua. (A solution of sodium bromide is prepared by dissolving 4 grams of the salt in 50 grams of water. Gerund.) Revolvià ³ en su mente todo lo que sabà ­a. (Everything he knew stirred around in his mind. Preterite.) Algunas veces volvà ­an a ponerse las mismas ropas sin lavarlas. (Sometimes they would put on the same clothes again without washing them. Imperfect.) Sà © que volverà ¡s muy pronto. (I know you are coming back very soon. Future.) Mi amiga me dijo que le devolverà ­a el dinero a Harry. (My friend told me she would return the money to Harry. Conditional.) La comisià ³n pidià ³ hoy la intervencià ³n del Ministerio de Trabajo para que resuelva el conflicto laboral. (The commission today asked for the intervention of the Labor Department in order to resolve the labor conflict. Present subjunctive.) Mi presencia era suficiente para que me absolviera de los cargos. (My presence was enough for me to be absolved of the charges. Imperfect subjunctive.) No vuelvas nunca mà ¡s. (Dont ever come back again. Imperative.)

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal - 1437 Words

Homosexuals are disrespected and treated unfairly, such as a look from a person who isn’t gay or called names such as â€Å"faggot,† simply because their sexual orientation, why? If homosexuals pay their taxes, help build roads and pay public schools just like heterosexual couples then gay couple should have the same rights as opposite sex couples do. In the case of Baker v. Vermont, in the year 2000, â€Å"Vermont’s groundbreaking law establishing civil unions took effect, providing families of samesex couples the same protections, benefits and responsibilities that married couples have under state law except for the powerful meaning conveyed by the word marriage† (Lambda Legal). Obviously, this statement is saying that same sex couples are granted the same benefits as opposite sex couples, but they don’t have the power to use the word â€Å"marriage,† because they’re gay. Gay couples are fighting for recognition by the state, people, and the law not by religious beliefs. Even heterosexual couples say that they don’t hate gay people, they just don’t believe in what they choose as their lifestyle because of religion. â€Å"If samesex marriage is about love and religion is about love, then in this debate, love must go both ways. We must not be hateful in our disagreements over marriage,† says O.C. Allen, a pastor (CNN: Same sex marriage is about Equality: Not Religion). The battle for gay couples is to be recognized by the government and not consider the religion aspect because the law andShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. How ever, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. 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The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

Give a life to your friend, it’s free! Free Essays

Give a life to your friend, it’s free! BY wersl 23 Compare and Contrast: Lion and Tiger Lions and tigers are the top two ferocious animals in the big cat family. The lion is known as the â€Å"king of beast â€Å"and the tiger is known as the â€Å"emperor of beast†. Both lions and tigers have many things in common and at the same time they have a number of differences. We will write a custom essay sample on Give a life to your friend, it’s free! or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lions and tigers belong to the mammalian group and Felidae family. Lions lives in prides and tigers lives alone. They have no predators of their own and reside at the top of their food chain. This essay is going to talk about the physical characteristics, diet, habitat and geographical distribution, reproduction and cross breed. The physical characteristics of a lion is male lion is highly distinctive and is easily recognized by its mane. Lion coloration varies from light buff to yellowish or reddish of the body. The underparts are generally lighter and the tail tuft is black. The color of the mane varies from blond to black. The lion is a carnivore and a hunter. Its legs are short with very powerful muscles. Male lions are 20 to 35% larger than the females and 50% heavier. Each lion has, what are called, â€Å"whisker spots† The pattern formed by this top row of whiskers differs in every lion and remains the same throughout its lifetime. Lions are the second-largest in the cat family (the tiger is the largest). Physical characteristics of a tiger highly distinctive and is easily recognized by its stripes. Tigers are tawny brown in color with dark stripes and whitish. Tigers have rusty-reddish to brown-rusty coats, a fair (whitish) medial and entral area and stripes that vary from brown or hay to pure black. The pattern of stripes is unique to each animal, and thus could potentially be used to identify individuals, much in the same way as fingerprints are used to identify people. This is not, however, a preferred method of identification, due to the difficulty of recording the stripe pattern of a wild tiger. the function of stripes is camouflage, serving to hide these animals from their prey. Tigers have round pupils and yellow irises. Tigers are the heaviest cats found in the wild. The diet for both the lion and the tiger are kind of the same, but they eat different animals because they are not from the same place. Both lion and tiger eats about 15. 4 lbs. of meat per day. A typical diet for a lion will include zebra, giraffe, buffalo, wildebeest, gazelles and impala. Lions are opportunistic and will readily scavenge the kills of cheetahs, leopards, wild dogs and hyenas. A main prey species for a tiger is are deer, buffalo and wild pigs, but they will also hunt fish, monkeys, birds, reptiles and sometimes even baby elephants. Occasionally, tigers kill leopards, bears and other tigers. Both lion and tiger are both meat-loving big cats. Habitat of a lion and a tiger are both different, because they are both from different contents of the world. Lion lives in Rich grasslands of East Africa to sands of Kalahari Desert, South Sahara to South Africa, excluding the Congo rain forest. They avoid dense forests because prey is scarce. Fun fact in the wild, lions live for approximately 12-18 years, while in captivity they can live over 24 years. Fun fact How to cite Give a life to your friend, it’s free!, Essays

Legal Law Reform and Web Quest Essay Example For Students

Legal Law Reform and Web Quest Essay Legal Studies Assessment Task 1: LAW REFORM AND WEB QUEST 1. Law reform is the changes that happen in law. Law can be reformed in 3 different aspects these are social values, concepts of justice and new technology introduced. As society changes , the need for a law reform is high, this is because that with a change in society new laws are needed to put into place to overcome the change. Justice is the quality of being fair and reasonable, in this case as society changes the aspects of justice is changing. Capital punishment is seen as a very unjust custom of punishment. Technology advancement has led to major law reform , this is because as new technology is introduced in australia society laws must be made to deal with them. An example of this is the development of more highly modernised equipment used in forensic science, such as the use of DNA, the new laws introduced or reformed try to balance the right of the use of the technology but also protecting the rights of the accused. Another example is computer related crimes such as hacking and intentional installation of viruses onto other computers. 2. ) The LRC is lead by a chairperson, The Hon James Wood AO QC, and there is only one full-time commissioner and also many part-time commissioner. There is an executive his job is to administer the day to day work of the Commision. The LRC are currently working on projects such as Security for costs and associated costs orders, Family violence, Penalty notice offences and complicity in criminal cases. b) The Australia Law Reform Commission was establis hed in 1975, it is an organization that operates under the Australia Law Reform Commission Act 1996 (Cth). Its aim is to simplify and modernise the law which makes it easily accessible for people and also to improves access to justice. They ensure that when they reform laws that they are necessary for other people and that it does not defect community or society. The ALRC is one of the most efficient and positive firms for legal reform in Australia this is because over 85% of reports from the ALRC have been implemented. The Australia Law Reform Commission is not under direct control from the government but it gets its finance through the federal parliament. )Red cross is a NGO that benefits and supports people in need, it may be in the help of services, health, financial problems , poverty, natural disasters ,youth and education. The redcross are there to help people. As an NGO they arent not supported financially by the government but steadily rely on the donations and supports of there 100million+ volunteers they do this by holding progams that people can participate and contribute. The y are apart of the words largest humanitarian organisation they are supported in more than 186 countries. The international Red Cross was established in 1863 at Geneva it was established to protect peoples lives and dignity of the victims of those who have been faced with violence and provide assistance amongst them. There role in society today is to help people in several different ways by providing development progams, they support families who have been seperated by war and assist them with migration support programs. They are a very helpful NGO who are very kind and friendly to people. d)i. Natalie Bassingthwaighte fights gay prejudice. February 03 2010 , www. dailytelegraph. com. au he article is about celebrating 85 years since the federal law reforms that gave same sex couples equal rights such as insurance and supperannuation. ii. Port Arthur laws protect us April 18 2007 , www. dailytelegraph. com. au the article is about the reform in gun laws following the Port Arthur massacre, this had led Australia and America separated because of the US-style gun culture life. This is becau se the American way of life is that you are able to have a gun at the age of 12, this separated us with them due to the fact that our laws are not corresponding to theres. ii. Police cannot defend our streets against crime September 10 2008 , www. dailytelegraph. com. au the article is stating that police arent doing enough to get criminals caught, the rate at which criminals are being caught have been lowered. 3)a)Legislature is the appropriate name given to the houses of parliament in Australia. The legislature is important in the law reform because they are the power that makes or enacts law, meaning this body of government are made specifically for laws. They have a key role in making statue law ( law made n parliament) , the bill is the law that has not yet been confirmed and is a draft, it must go through a process in parliament which enables it to become a law. Executive is a sector in the government that puts the laws made able to operate. The Executive contribute to the law reform because they put a lot of research and effort into the change of law. They are involved in writing the submitted law, they present this to cabinet which they decide if they should take this proposed law into parliament as a bill. .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .postImageUrl , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:hover , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:visited , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:active { border:0!important; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:active , .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3 .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub358243576f0eb473e9586a9904160e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Consider the treatment in any one text of spiritua EssayJudiciary are authorities that decide whether a law has been broken based upon evidence presented in courts. The judiciary have two roles in the making of a law , they can either make a new law or interprate legislation, a judges role in court is to interpret law in court and decide where the law relates to the particular case. They can also make law in court which is called common law, if there are no laws or any precedent set by a case, judges can use the common law principles to find a solution. International law impacts Australian law because a lot of other countries reflect on international law, this is because they can closely relate to other countries. 3)b)The UN is an international organisation that brings all nations of the world together to work for peace and development. There are 192 members of the UN, they meet together which is known as the General Assembly. Its HQ is located in New York City but the land and buildings that they operate in are own to the UN not America. They aim to develop good relationships with fellow countries and help any nation that is in need. There limitation to law reforms lies within the fact that they are a world organisation but they cannot change the laws of a certain country but make suggestions. 3)c)The European union was established for many different reasons these are peace and stability, bringing europe together, safety and security, economic and social solidarity, identity and diversity in the world and values. There are many aims in which the union provide help and support to fellow Europeans , they try and promote balanced economic and social growth and make sure people can live in a safe and danger free environment. The EU works in a different way compared to other legal structures, the EU treaties are the foundations of the secondary legislation. It involves more than 27 countries all working together to make Europe a better place. Flow Diagram 2A Starting the law reform process-The attorney general writes to the commision asking that there is a need to reform of the law on a certain subject, this is called the Terms of Reference Working out the issues and problems and involving the community-A research and publication plan is done. Consultation papers-The commission prepares one or more consultation paper about the suggestions of the reform this is when the public is able to write submissions to the Commission Getting input and ideas from the community-The commission reviews all the submissions from the community and analyses them Reporting recommendations-The commission releases a report that has the Commission thoughts about the suggestions for the reform. The Atorney General reports it in parliament.