Sustainability in operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability in operations - Essay Example Delhaize Group is a retail food stores that has operating since 1867. The Group was founded in Belgium and since inception, the company has been operating quiet well by enhancing its visibility in the market. The company with its effective sustainability has been catering services to a large number of clients in the prime locations of the world (1Delhaize Group SA, 2014). In this regard, the paper elaborates on the different approaches of the sustainability operations that are prevalent in the global world. A detailed review of the sustainability operation practiced by the Delhaize Group has been conducted. Bartlett (2012) defines sustainability, as â€Å"sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (pp. 2). This suggest that the present day society is majorly concerned about renewable resources and protecting the same. The development of the different means that would help in protecting the non-renewable resources form depletion is a major need for the present day (Bartlett, 2012). In this respect, Kuhlman and Farrington (2010) noted on the â€Å"optimal theory of exploitation of non-renewable resources† exclaiming that even after the depletion of the different non-renewable resources, the organisations are hardly inclined towards protecting the same. Maintaining sustainability is a further challenge as humans and nature has an opposite mode of operation. The nature follows a strict rule of adaptation as well as harmony whereas humans are majorly focused on conqu ering the nature and its resources. Contextually, Ciegis, Ramanauskiene and Martinkus (2009) stated that owing to the diversified nature of the different program and mode of operations of the different communities, it is difficult to develop a unanimous

Narrative Structure and Binary Oppositions Essay Example for Free

Narrative Structure and Binary Oppositions Essay This essay illustrates the understanding of writing aspects of visual composition because they are grammar of a language. In this image, we get to know good literature and good poetry is more than words and subject matter, art is more than pictures. The Safaricom Company had to choose the sentence structure, the style, and so on can make or break a good story. The designer of this graphic show the way the formal elements are arranged and this can make or break a good picture idea. The use of design principles applied to the visual elements is like visual grammar. In the background of this graphic, the children are playing and happy in school, at the same time it is like learning to read and write the language of vision because it develop you with a style of expressing visual ideas, this also helps you to become visual poets. Looking for the visual effects of design principles does not have to limit an artist’s options because it can focus an experimentation and choice making.. The six visual elements which includes: the color, the line, shape, value or tone, texture, volume or form are all display in this image, first we think of the elements as the basic visual material to this art because it is hard to imagine anything visual without the use of one or more of these elements. While, we think of the principles as was to work with and arrange the elements. See more: what is a narrative essay Colors are seen within the brain, it is the eyes that have the receptors that tell your brain what you are looking at, in the picture color explain a lot about this company. The color green was exploded in the visual element to shows their possession in Kenya and are the safari of Kenya with color used. Secondly, the lines used in the graphic design shows the border guiding the page layout and the design is shows the picture in a book form. The third thing is the shape which enable this design unique, even in the picture lots of shapes are shown to give you a better understanding about what information it’s poetry to the audience. Value or tone are shows who the picture was edited well and contrast at the proper level so suit the eyes of the viewers in Kenya , Safaricom had been there for the nation in it start-up. This was the first GSM Company and they had extended throughout the nation, they had brought lots of programs to the Kenyan people. This image tells how the company is in the front of the Kenyan people and ready to go extra mines for them, in the picture a boy is standing outside of a school fence with smile which means, Safari com company and on the campus there are lots of students and they are playing and dancing which poetry the services that the company Safaricom render to the Kenyan people. In another aspects of this graphic Safaricom company is promoting education programs, for those street kids out there who their parents doesn’t have the hands to sponsor them in school, the gender aspects have to do with promoting sexual gender equal because this have lead to many kids abuse and Safaricom is here in this picture saying â€Å"am here for a chance†. All these are just tell us how media are involved 95% in preaching polities. Some of the design principles or design rules are broken by artist for example: Emphasis- says â€Å"Center of interest.† It is about dominance and influence. Most artists put it a bit off center and balance it with some minor themes to maintain our interest. Some artists avoid emphasis on purpose. They want all parts of the work to be equally interesting. Harmony- As in music, complementary layers and/or effects can join to produce a more attractive whole. The composition is complex, but everything appears to fit with everything else. The whole is better than the sum of its parts. Unity- When nothing distracts from the whole, you have unity. Unity without variation can be uninteresting- like driving on a clear day through Western Kansas on the interstate. Unity with diversity generally has more to offer in both art and in life. Of course some very minimal art can be very claiming and at times even very evocative. Even the simple landscape in this artwork has a powerful effect. Opposition- uses contrasting visual concepts. That same background of this Safaricom advertisement â€Å"blue sky† landscape becomes very dramatic and expressive when a sun builds in the southwest. Principles can grow out of any artistic device that is used to produce an effect on the viewer. Balancing is one of the most important things because it is the consideration of the visual weight and importance in this image looks. It is the way of comparing the right and left side of the composition. The boy outside the fence is essentially symmetrical and the other students in the shade background, both sides are similar in visual weight and almost mirrored. Because symmetrical balance often looks more stiff and formal, sometimes it is called formal balance. Asymmetrical balance is more interesting, in the picture both sides again are similar in visual weight but not mirrored. It is more casual, dynamic, and relaxed feeling so it is often called informal balance. Radial balance is not very common but it is like a daisy image as we see in this picture with everything arranged around a center. Rose windows of cathedrals also use this design system too. Of course Safaricom, even though was the first communication company doesn’t look stiff and formal because we think of fluttering the company as nation number one for freedom and spontaneity. It is a case of subject matter and symbolism overpowering formal design effects. This Safaricom image can have many meanings and feeling beyond its â€Å"radiant† feeling. People might hate it as telling what they should do with their life and on the other hand, many of us can’t help thinking about this great company Safaricom. The extraordinarily textured painted the company. Since we have contemplated those thickly expressed colors and textures with their luscious painterly surface, every other company we see try to become an aesthetic experience filled with fruitful sensations. Variety is used in this image by elements changes. Repeating a similar shape but changing the size can give variety and unity at the same time. Keeping the same size, but changing the color can also give variety and unity at the same time. In visual composition, there are many ways you can change something while simulate Amorously keeping it the same while the depth is effects, space, projection toward the viewer add interest. Linear perspective in the real word makes things duller and small things brighter, and so on, to make the objects contradict realism. Many artists don’t believe in realism even though they could do it if they wanted to. It seems too boring to them. Realism wouldn’t be art for some artists. The way the image repetition is of the visual elements is, one is the size variation that can be applied to shape, form, etc. Notice how size can affect how close or far something can appear to be from the viewer. Example can be the boy in the close view and the rest of the students in a far view. Which one appears closer? Note how size relationships create depth or space in a composition. Children in first grade can already recognize closer and father based on size even though they wouldn’t typically use their pictures unless they were motivated to do so. Repetition can be used on all of the visual elements. If things are repeated without any Shape they can quickly get boring. However repetition with variation can be both interesting and comfortably familiar. Repetition gives motion. While variation can be used with all of the visual elements. See â€Å"variety† above. You can do this with all the elements. Artists do this all the time. Color saturation, sometimes called â€Å"color intensity† or brightness can also gives a feeling or depth and space. Which of these people are farther away in the image? Most second graders can see this effect when they are asked to look for it. These people create the illusion of depth even though they are all the same size. When we analyze artwork we often start with visual effects. We notice something happening. Then we try to figure out why it happens. Motion isn’t a principle. It is one of those magic effects when a still picture has motion. There are lots of ways to get motion. Motion examples: sometimes it has to do with orientation. A diagonal line is more dynamic than a horizontal or vertical line. Sometimes motion depends on the character of the element itself. A straight line may be less dynamic than a zigzag or a curving line. A blended are may appear to flow Depth is another magic effect. Illusion and magic are two threads of the same cloth. Example of depth; sometimes the illusion of depth has to do with orientation also, if you want a chair person to appear further away, you can place them higher on the picture plane. Sometimes the illusion of depth depends on the character of the element itself. A warm color can appear to project and cool color can appear to recede, other things being equal. A light tone (value) can appear to project and dark tone can appear to recede. We can define semiology or semiotics as the study of signs. We may not realize it, but in fact semiology can be applied to all sorts of human endeavors, including cinema, theatre, dance, architecture, painting, politics, medicine, history, and religion. That is, we use a variety of gestures (signs) in everyday life to convey message to people around us. We should think of messages (or texts) as systems of signs, e.g., lexical, graphic, and so on, which gain their effects via the constant clashes between these systems. For example, the menu we consult in a restaurant has been drawn up with reference to a structure, but this structure can be filled differently, according to time and place, e.g., breakfast or dinner (Barthes, 1964, p.28). The goal of semiological analysis is to identify the principle at work in the message or text, i.e., to determine the rhetoric or the grammar trying together all the elements. We get a sense of how language works as a system (Barthes, 1983, p.58) if we think of language as a pair of axes or two planes of metal activity, the vertical plane being the selective principle (vocabulary) and the horizontal dimension being the combinative principle (sentences0. For example, we might select items (words) from various categories in the vertical (associative) dimension, such as kitten, cat, muggy, tom, puss, mouser, sat, rested, crouched and so on, and link them in the horizontal (combinative) plane to formulate statements like the cat sat on the mat. Motivated signs are iconic signs: they are characterized by a natural relation between signifier and signified. A portrait or a photograph is iconic, in that the signifier represents the appearance of the signified. The faithfulness or the accuracy of the representation-the degree to which the signified is re-presented in the signified—is an inverse measure of how conventionalized it is. A realistic portrait (painting) is highly conventionalized this means that to signify the work relies on our experience of the sort of reality it re-presents. A photograph of a street scene communicates easily because of our familiarity with the reality it re-presents. It is important to recognize that in signs of high motivation, the signified is the determining influence, and in signs of low motivation, convention determines the form of the signifier. Finally, after intruding into this design principles and element used to convey information to the viewer, I will conclude by saying the safarcom GSM Company involve themselves in the life on the Kenyan to protect them but at the sometime media is put in front to shows politics. Safaricom choose this graphic because it explains a lot about the Kenyan cultural society. REFERENCES Barthes, R. (1964). â€Å"The structuralize Activity.† From Essais Critiques (winter) p. 82-88 Fiske, J, (1982). Introductions to communication. London: Methuen. Jacobson, R. (1960). â€Å"Linguistics and poetics. â€Å" In style in language, (ED.) pp.260-265 Williams, R. (1976). â€Å"Structural. â€Å"In key words. London; Fontana, pp. 253=59

Luke Presents Jesus As The Divine Saviour Religion Essay

Luke Presents Jesus As The Divine Saviour Religion Essay The purpose of this essay is to look into the work and life of Jesus Christ while on earth as portrayed by each of the Gospels. Though each of the gospels presents a full picture of the person of Christ however, there is a distinction between the four. Each of the writers presents Jesus in his own way, in terms of audience, theme, and focus. The Gospel of Matthew was  [1]  written around 50-60AD in Palestine, before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70AD (Matt 4:5, 27:53). Although the specific date for the book of Mark is uncertain, scholars date it to be written around 49s 60s AD, and believed to be the first Gospel written. The Gospel of Luke was written between 60 65AD while the Gospel of John was dated about 90s. Theme Matthew presents  [2]  Jesus as Messiah. Mark presents Jesus as Servant of God, Luke presents Jesus as the Divine Saviour, and John presents Jesus as the Son of God. Audience Matthew writes his gospel to the Jews. He sought to convince the Jews that Jesus is the promised messiah and king, which was fulfilled through repeated prophecy in the Old Testament. Mark writes to the Roman audience, who were not  [3]  religious, neither philosopher like the Greek. Luke writes to a Greek audience, who were very religious, philosophical, and great thinkers. His two literal classical books, book of Acts and Luke were written to Theophilus a high ranking Greek noble man and other Gentile Christians (LK 1:3, Acts 1:1). The gospel of John was written to all Christians. Background to the Gospel The book of Matthew was placed first as an introduction to the New Testament because it bridge gap between the Old and New Testament. Written in Greek for Jewish believers but the style of writing was Hebrew or Aramaic due to the way Jesus life and ministry was narrated. Although the author of the gospel was not identified by name in biblical text, but testimony by early  [4]  church fathers, Eusebius and Papias shows that Apostle Matthew wrote the book as an eye witness to major events during the ministry of Jesus Christ on earth. The gospel of Mark was action parked fast moving narration written by John Mark an associate of Peter, companion of Paul and Barnabas.  [5]  According to Papias, Mark derived his content from his association with Peter, he was Peter interpreter and wrote as many things he can remembered as Peter relate to him. He tailored his gospel for his Romans listeners who are not religious, who have respect for authority but love action. He portrayed Jesus as a miracle worker; one who could control wind and storm, whom demons trembled at his sight and heal all manner of sicknesses and diseases, but despite this power he humbled himself and gave his life as a ransom, teaching that people who are truly great are servant, that anyone that wants to be great must be a servant first. The author of the gospel of  [6]  Luke was a physician, astute writer, theologian and historian whose book was directed to the Greek believer. The book of Luke is the first of its two books addressed to a man called Theophilus a gentile believer (LK 1:3, Act 1:1). He was a Gentile convert, the only non Jewish author of a bible book. Besides his medical knowledge which he shows frequently when he used medical terms to describe sicknesses for example a man suffering from dropsy (LK 14:2). The author of the fourth gospel was  [7]  John the son of Zebedee one of the original twelve disciples of Jesus, he writes as the disciples whom Jesus loved (Jn. 13: 23-24, 20: 2-9, 21:2-24), hence claims to be an eye witness of Jesus ministry, and recorded much of Jesus ministry in Judea and Jerusalem. Purpose of the Canonical Gospels Matthew wrote to convinced Jewish Christians that Jesus roots is from the lineage of Abraham and descendants of David (Matt 1:1-17). Also too assured the Jews that Jesus was the son of God, awaited messiah has foretold by the Old Testament prophet (Ish. 7:14).  [8]  Matthew also shows to the Jews that Christ came to establish a spiritual kingdom not a political one, which will be followed by a physical kingdom at the end of the age. The book of Matthew is not complete without his explanation on great commission (Matt 28:19). Marks writes to persecuted  [9]  Romans Christian presenting Jesus as the Son of God (Mk 1:1), a suffering servant of God, also too encouraged Romans believers to suffered faithfully for the gospel as he placed before them the life, suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ their Lord and saviour. Luke wrote to the  [10]  Greek Christian and the most comprehensive of the synoptic gospel, he provide full details of all that Jesus the human saviour had done, teach until the day he was taken up to heaven (LK 1:3-4). He traced Jesus human genealogy back to Adam (LK 3:23-38), not just to Abraham as did Matthew (Matt 1:1-17). In Luke we see Jesus as divine saviour (Lk. 1:47, 2:11) who provides salvation for all men irrespective of their nationality. Johns purpose was to reveal the  [11]  deity of Jesus Christ that he is indeed the Son of God who in obedience to the father took on the nature of man (Jn. 1:1), and those who believed in him receive eternal life (John 20:31). He wrote to refute false teachings of the  [12]  Gnostics who goes about denying the humanity: (the word became flesh, Jn. 1:14) and death of Jesus Christ: (Jesus death and resurrection, Jn. 19, 20:1-28). Focus of the Gospels Matthew  [13]  focus on Jesus, the King of Israel who fulfilled Old Testament laws and messianic prophecy (Ish. 7:13), from conception (Matt 1:22-23), to his residence in Nazareth (Matt 2:23), his Galilean ministry (Matt 4:14-chs 18), teachings about the end time (eschatology), triumphant entry into Jerusalem. He arranged Jesus teachings about the kingdom into; ethics-sermon on the mount (Matt 5:1-7:29); missionary (Matt 9:35-11:1); parables about the kingdom (Matt 13:1-52); discipleship (Matt 18:1-35) and lastly on Olivet discourse about the end of the age (Matt 23:1-25:46). He portrayed Jesus as the promised King, who came to inaugurate kingdom of heaven which is not political but spiritual. In a fast  [14]  catchy action, Mark focuses primarily on Jesus mighty miracles, his authority over sicknesses and demons as signs that the kingdom of Gods is at hand. He also portrayed Jesus as Gods servant. It was at Caesarea Philippi, Jesus identity was fully disclosed to his disciples as the Christ, and his prediction about his death and resurrection (Mk 8:31) which shows his divine foreknowledge; making references to cost of discipleship (Mk 8:34-38, 9:1-10) and lastly on Passion Week in (Mk 11-16). Luke is the most comprehensive of the synoptic gospel, focusing on Jesus lineage from pre birth to ascension, his  [15]  Galilean ministry in LK 4:14-9:50, final journey to Jerusalem in LK 9:51-19:27 and his last week called passion week in LK 19:28-24:53. The main focus of Luke is on Jesus teachings and parables during his ministry, expressing universal hope that Jesus came for both Jews and gentiles, his emphasis on prayer, on the move and work of the Holy Spirit, starting from the filling of John the Baptist from his mother womb; to the miraculously birth of the son of God (LK 1:35), to Jesus spirit baptism in (LK 4:14); and clothing of disciples with power from on high (LK 24:49). John focuses much more on the discourses of Christ as Gods incarnate Son. The  [16]  book of John have two divisions the first division (Jn. 1-12), he explain with evidences Jesus incarnation with: seven signs (miracles), seven teachings (Jesus used to disclose his identity), and seven à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I amà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  statements (by which Jesus revealed figuratively what he is to human race) with his bodily resurrection as proof of his claim as Christ, the Son of God. The second division John focuses on Jesus relationship with his disciples (Jn. 13-21), the ministry of the Holy Spirit (Jn. 14-16), the last supper (Jn. 13), Jesus final prayer for believers (Jn. 17), finally his death and resurrection (Jn. 20-21). Relation of the Gospels The four gospel writers write to people of different background and needs. Each under the influence and the inspiration of the Holy Spirit write about the life and teaching of Jesus Christ according to audiences whom they were writing to. Other teaching was omitted purposely, for example Mark mentions women not divorcing their husbands to his Romans audience (Mk 10; 12), Matthew did not mention this since Jewish law did not permit a woman to divorce her husband. Matthew and Luke  [17]  write from Mark while John copied from no one. Altogether Matthew, Mark and Luke record eighty-three events of the same account only twenty four of this are  [18]  found in all the four gospels, with forty- one accounts unique to Johns Gospel, fifty-two to Luke, Matthew with twenty à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬seven unique accounts, while Mark has two. John has no record of Jesus parables. Matthew recorded eighteen parables of Jesus, Luke nineteen while Mark has four. Conclusion Each of the Gospels writers presents the same gospel under the leading of the Holy Spirit too meet specific need in the body of Christ. I believe the focus of each of the writer matured the church of Christ over time, keep the church focus in the right perspective.

Human Rights Essay -- American Politics, Government Bill

Human rights refer to the natural or basic rights and freedoms to which all people are entitled to. Traditionally, the rights and freedoms of citizens were protected by an Act of Parliament or by the judges in developing the common law. Prior to World War II, the convention for the protection of human right and freedom was drafted in 1950s by the Council of Europe. It was drafted because of disgust with fascism and an anxiety to protect basic freedom. On 1953, it has developed to become an international treaty, which all 47 countries of the continent of Europe are bound by the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950, also known as ECHR. United Kingdom (UK) was one of the first countries to sign the Convention in November 1950. Although it entered into force in the UK on 3rd Sept 1953, UK chose not to incorporate its terms into domestic law. Therefore UK was only bound to ECHR on the matter of international law and not within the domestic legal system. During 1960s, there are few parties concerned had campaigned for the enactment for Human Rights Act in UK. These parties are the commentators and public interest groups. However, due to several criticisms and the reluctant of UK government to pass such legislation, the HRA did not enact until 1998. Though the convention did not incorporate into domestic law, UK did recognize the authority of European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to hear and adjudicate complaints from UK citizens. In 1997, the newly elected Labour Government promised to introduce a human right bill to Parliament. As a result, The Human Right Act 1998 received Royal Assent on 9 November 1998 and came into full effect in the UK on 2nd Oct 2000. For the past 20 years or so, UK governments ha... ...om of expression of a political party contravenes racial discrimination or the right to life of a foetus overrides the mother’s right and liberty. Some would argue that question which concern with political should not be answered by the judiciary but the politician. Otherwise, the judiciary will become politicized. Some academic argued that merely granting rights does not necessary means individual freedom and empowerments are secure. The right granted must supported by economic and social provision. Imbalance in power in society means that the powerful can take advantages on those who are less powerful. For example, equal payment of women in work may results the employers to recruit more of the male workers. Therefore, it might be that Britain Bill of rights is not as powerful as Human Rights Act 1998 to protect the individual freedom and rights. In summary,

Pet Wonderland Services (PWS) Essay

Introduction to the organization Pet Wonderland Services (PWS) is a new business in pets industry. PWS first shop was at Shah Alam section 13. Although there are several pets shop in Shah Alam, PWS wil brings new services to the animal lovers communities as. Vision To serve the best quality, friendly and effective service and fulfill customer satisfaction. Mission To be one of the top pet shop that brings the most high quality and effective services in the Malaysia. â€Å"Your pets is our responsible too† Objective The main objective of this service is to ease community that they would not have to bring their pet to our shop but we will go to their house and give the services that they wanted to. In our services, we only provide the best pets product and we will consult with the owner about their pets first so that we can use an appropriate an suitable pet’s product to their pets. We want to deliver a quality services so that customer will believe in us. We are not just gaining profit, we are also gaining trust to our customer and love to the animal.

War time Conferences essays

War time Conferences essays In August 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met secretly in the Atlantic Sea abroad a warship anchored in a secure anchorage at Argentina, Newfoundland (located on Placentia Bay). Roosevelt had traveled to Argentina aboard the heavy cruiser USS Augusta while Churchill made the journey across the Atlantic aboard the battleship HMS Prince of Wales. The conference was from August 9th to the 12th. The reason for the conference was for a strategy of the war against the Axis. This conference leads to the Atlantic Charter. There were 8 points of the charter. The eight points are no territorial gains are sought by the United States or the United Kingdom, territorial adjustments must conform to the people involved, people have right to choose own government, trade barriers lowered, there must be disarmament, there must be freedom from want and fear, there must be freedom of the seas, and there must be an association of nations. Before the conferen ce FDR had proposed a lend lease for Britain to payback in goods and services because at the time they didnt have the money to pay for war materials and also for not having huge intergovernmental loans. The Atlantic Charter was eventually signed by 15 countries including the Soviet Union and proved to be the one of the first steps for the formation of the United Nations. From January 14 to January 24, 1943, the first war conference between the Allied Powers was held in Casablanca, Morocco. Roosevelt and Churchill attended the conference. Joseph Stalin leader of Russia at the time was not invited because neither Churchill nor Roosevelt had on the agenda anything to do with the Eastern Front. This failure to invite Stalin did a great deal to confirm in Stalins mind, his belief that war plans were being made without his participation and behind his back and he did not agree with this. This suspicion between the Allies continued for the followin...

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isnt Murder

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isn't Murder The question of whether or not abortion is murder is one of the most contentious social and political issues of the day. Although the United States Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in 1973, the morality of terminating a pregnancy has been debated in the U.S. since at least the mid-1800s. A Brief History of Abortion Although abortions were performed in colonial America, they were not considered illegal or immoral. Premarital sex, however, was outlawed, which may have contributed to abortion being considered taboo by some. As in Great Britain, a fetus was not considered to be a living being until quickening, usually 18 to 20 weeks, when the mother could feel her unborn child move. Attempts to criminalize abortion began in Britain in 1803, when the procedure was outlawed if the quickening had already occurred. Further restrictions were passed in 1837.  In the U.S., attitudes toward abortion began to shift after the Civil War. Led by physicians who saw the practice as a threat to their profession and people opposed to the emerging womens rights movement, anti-abortion laws were passed in a majority of states by the 1880s. The outlawing of abortion in the U.S. did not make the practice disappear, however. Far from it. By the middle of the 20th century, it is estimated that as many as 1.2 million abortions were performed annually in the U.S. Because the procedure remained illegal, however, many women were forced to seek out abortionists who worked in unsanitary conditions or had no medical training, leading to the unnecessary deaths of countless patients due to infection or hemorrhaging. As the feminist movement gained steam in the 1960s, the push to legalize abortion gained momentum. By 1972, four states had repealed their abortion restrictions and another 13 had loosened them. The following year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7 to 2 that women had a right to an abortion, although states could impose restrictions on the practice. Is Abortion Murder? Despite or perhaps because of the Supreme Court ruling, abortion continues to be a hotly debated issue today. Many states have imposed severe restrictions on the practice, and religious and conservative politicians often frame the issue as one of morality and preserving the sanctity of life. Murder, as it is typically defined, involves the intentional death of another human person. Even if one were to assume that every embryo or fetus is as sentient as a grown human being, the lack of intent would still be enough to classify abortion as something other than murder. A Hypothetical Argument Lets imagine a scenario in which two men go deer hunting. One man mistakes his friend for a deer, shoots him, and accidentally kills him. Its hard to imagine that any reasonable person would describe this as murder, even though we would all know for certain that a real, sentient human person was killed. Why? Because the shooter thought he was killing a deer, something other than a real, sentient human person. Now consider the example of abortion. If a woman and her physician think theyre killing a non-sentient organism, then they would not be committing murder. At most, they would be guilty of involuntary manslaughter. But even involuntary manslaughter involves criminal negligence, and it would be very hard to judge someone criminally negligent for not personally believing that a pre-viable embryo or fetus is a sentient human person when we dont actually know this to be the case. From the point of view of someone who believes that every fertilized egg is a sentient human person, abortion would be horrific, tragic, and lethal. But it would be no more murderous than any other kind of accidental death. Sources Ravitz, Jessica. The Surprising History of Abortion in the United States. CNN.com. 27 June 2016.  BBC staff. Historial Attitudes to Abortion. BBC.co.uk. 2014.Carmon, Irin. A Brief History of Abortion Law in America. BillMoyers.com. 14 November 2017.Gold, Rachel Benson. Lessons from before Roe: Will Past be Prologue? Guttmacher.org. 1 March 2003.